go.mod: update golang.org/x dependencies

Update golang.org/x dependencies to their latest tagged versions.

Change-Id: Ie3eba6549d69698b6dd089c7e49f7c30198dc2bb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/775841
LUCI-TryBot-Result: golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

acme/autocert/autocert.go

@@ -248,10 +248,6 @@ func (m *Manager) TLSConfig() *tls.Config {
 // If GetCertificate is used directly, instead of via Manager.TLSConfig, package users will
 // also have to add acme.ALPNProto to NextProtos for tls-alpn-01, or use HTTPHandler for http-01.
 func (m *Manager) GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-	if m.Prompt == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("acme/autocert: Manager.Prompt not set")
-	}
-
 	name := hello.ServerName
 	if name == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("acme/autocert: missing server name")

acme/autocert/autocert_test.go

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func TestGetCertificate(t *testing.T) {
 			prepare: func(t *testing.T, man *Manager, s *acmetest.CAServer) {
 				man.Prompt = nil
 			},
-			expectError: "Manager.Prompt not set",
+			expectError: "missing Manager.Prompt",
 		},
 		{
 			name:   "trailingDot",

acme/autocert/internal/acmetest/ca.go

@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ type discovery struct {
 }
 
 type discoveryMeta struct {
-	ExternalAccountRequired bool `json:"externalAccountRequired,omitempty"`
+	Terms                   string `json:"termsOfService,omitempty"`
+	ExternalAccountRequired bool   `json:"externalAccountRequired,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type challenge struct {
@@ -281,6 +282,7 @@ func (ca *CAServer) handle(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			NewAccount: ca.serverURL("/new-account"),
 			NewOrder:   ca.serverURL("/new-order"),
 			Meta: discoveryMeta{
+				Terms:                   ca.serverURL("/terms"),
 				ExternalAccountRequired: ca.eabRequired,
 			},
 		}

acme/autocert/renewal_test.go

@@ -180,9 +180,6 @@ func TestRenewFromCacheAlreadyRenewed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// set internal state to an almost expired cert
 	oldCert := ca.LeafCert(exampleDomain, "ECDSA", now.Add(-2*time.Hour), now.Add(time.Minute))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
 	oldLeaf, err := validCert(exampleCertKey, oldCert.Certificate, oldCert.PrivateKey.(crypto.Signer), now)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

acme/rfc8555.go

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ func (c *Client) registerRFC(ctx context.Context, acct *Account, prompt func(tos
 		Contact: acct.Contact,
 	}
 	if c.dir.Terms != "" {
+		if prompt == nil {
+			return nil, errors.New("acme: missing Manager.Prompt to accept server's terms of service")
+		}
 		req.TermsAgreed = prompt(c.dir.Terms)
 	}
 

acme/types.go

@@ -167,7 +167,11 @@ type OrderError struct {
 }
 
 func (oe *OrderError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("acme: order %s status: %s", oe.OrderURL, oe.Status)
+	str := fmt.Sprintf("acme: order %s status: %s", oe.OrderURL, oe.Status)
+	if oe.Problem != nil {
+		str += fmt.Sprintf("; problem: %s", oe.Problem)
+	}
+	return str
 }
 
 // RateLimit reports whether err represents a rate limit error and

acme/types_test.go

@@ -217,3 +217,19 @@ func TestErrorStringerWithSubproblems(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Unexpected error string: wanted %q, got %q", expectedStr, err.Error())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestOrderErrorProblem(t *testing.T) {
+	oe := &OrderError{
+		OrderURL: "url",
+		Status:   "invalid",
+		Problem: &Error{
+			StatusCode:  400,
+			ProblemType: "type",
+			Detail:      "detail",
+		},
+	}
+	want := "acme: order url status: invalid; problem: 400 type: detail"
+	if got := oe.Error(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("oe.Error() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

chacha20poly1305/chacha20poly1305.go

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ type chacha20poly1305 struct {
 
 // New returns a ChaCha20-Poly1305 AEAD that uses the given 256-bit key.
 func New(key []byte) (cipher.AEAD, error) {
+	if fips140Enforced() {
+		return nil, errors.New("chacha20poly1305: use of ChaCha20Poly1305 is not allowed in FIPS 140-only mode")
+	}
 	if len(key) != KeySize {
 		return nil, errors.New("chacha20poly1305: bad key length")
 	}

chacha20poly1305/fips140only_compat.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !go1.26
+
+package chacha20poly1305
+
+func fips140Enforced() bool { return false }

chacha20poly1305/fips140only_go1.26.go

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build go1.26
+
+package chacha20poly1305
+
+import "crypto/fips140"
+
+func fips140Enforced() bool { return fips140.Enforced() }

chacha20poly1305/xchacha20poly1305.go

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ type xchacha20poly1305 struct {
 // preferred when nonce uniqueness cannot be trivially ensured, or whenever
 // nonces are randomly generated.
 func NewX(key []byte) (cipher.AEAD, error) {
+	if fips140Enforced() {
+		return nil, errors.New("chacha20poly1305: use of ChaCha20Poly1305 is not allowed in FIPS 140-only mode")
+	}
 	if len(key) != KeySize {
 		return nil, errors.New("chacha20poly1305: bad key length")
 	}

go.mod

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 module golang.org/x/crypto
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.25.0
 
 require (
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 // tagx:ignore
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.53.0 // tagx:ignore
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.44.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.43.0
 )
 
-require golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 // indirect
+require golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
-golang.org/x/term v0.37.0 h1:8EGAD0qCmHYZg6J17DvsMy9/wJ7/D/4pV/wfnld5lTU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.37.0/go.mod h1:5pB4lxRNYYVZuTLmy8oR2BH8dflOR+IbTYFD8fi3254=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.53.0 h1:d+qAbo5L0orcWAr0a9JweQpjXF19LMXJE8Ey7hwOdUA=
+golang.org/x/net v0.53.0/go.mod h1:JvMuJH7rrdiCfbeHoo3fCQU24Lf5JJwT9W3sJFulfgs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.44.0 h1:ildZl3J4uzeKP07r2F++Op7E9B29JRUy+a27EibtBTQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.44.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0 h1:S4RLU2sB31O/NCl+zFN9Aru9A/Cq2aqKpTZJ6B+DwT4=
+golang.org/x/term v0.43.0/go.mod h1:lrhlHNdQJHO+1qVYiHfFKVuVioJIheAc3fBSMFYEIsk=
+golang.org/x/text v0.37.0 h1:Cqjiwd9eSg8e0QAkyCaQTNHFIIzWtidPahFWR83rTrc=
+golang.org/x/text v0.37.0/go.mod h1:a5sjxXGs9hsn/AJVwuElvCAo9v8QYLzvavO5z2PiM38=

hkdf/hkdf.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 package hkdf
 
 import (
+	"crypto/hkdf"
 	"crypto/hmac"
 	"errors"
 	"hash"
@@ -24,15 +25,19 @@ import (
 // Expand invocations and different context values. Most common scenarios,
 // including the generation of multiple keys, should use New instead.
 func Extract(hash func() hash.Hash, secret, salt []byte) []byte {
-	if salt == nil {
-		salt = make([]byte, hash().Size())
+	// Use the stdlib Extract, which disables FIPS 140 enforcement of the HMAC
+	// key (which in HKDF is the salt). The only possible error is FIPS 140
+	// enforcement of the hash, which had to panic under this API anyway. We
+	// don't use the stdlib Expand, because it switched to returning a []byte
+	// instead of an io.Reader, and Expand uses the HMAC key as a key.
+	out, err := hkdf.Extract(hash, secret, salt)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
 	}
-	extractor := hmac.New(hash, salt)
-	extractor.Write(secret)
-	return extractor.Sum(nil)
+	return out
 }
 
-type hkdf struct {
+type hkdfReader struct {
 	expander hash.Hash
 	size     int
 
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ type hkdf struct {
 	buf  []byte
 }
 
-func (f *hkdf) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+func (f *hkdfReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
 	// Check whether enough data can be generated
 	need := len(p)
 	remains := len(f.buf) + int(255-f.counter+1)*f.size
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ func (f *hkdf) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
 // 3.3. Most common scenarios will want to use New instead.
 func Expand(hash func() hash.Hash, pseudorandomKey, info []byte) io.Reader {
 	expander := hmac.New(hash, pseudorandomKey)
-	return &hkdf{expander, expander.Size(), info, 1, nil, nil}
+	return &hkdfReader{expander, expander.Size(), info, 1, nil, nil}
 }
 
 // New returns a Reader, from which keys can be read, using the given hash,

pbkdf2/pbkdf2.go

@@ -2,24 +2,17 @@
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-/*
-Package pbkdf2 implements the key derivation function PBKDF2 as defined in RFC
-2898 / PKCS #5 v2.0.
-
-A key derivation function is useful when encrypting data based on a password
-or any other not-fully-random data. It uses a pseudorandom function to derive
-a secure encryption key based on the password.
-
-While v2.0 of the standard defines only one pseudorandom function to use,
-HMAC-SHA1, the drafted v2.1 specification allows use of all five FIPS Approved
-Hash Functions SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384 and SHA-512 for HMAC. To
-choose, you can pass the `New` functions from the different SHA packages to
-pbkdf2.Key.
-*/
+// Package pbkdf2 implements the key derivation function PBKDF2 as defined in
+// RFC 8018 (PKCS #5 v2.1).
+//
+// This package is a wrapper for the PBKDF2 implementation in the
+// [crypto/pbkdf2] package. It is [frozen] and is not accepting new features.
+//
+// [frozen]: https://go.dev/wiki/Frozen
 package pbkdf2
 
 import (
-	"crypto/hmac"
+	"crypto/pbkdf2"
 	"hash"
 )
 
@@ -27,51 +20,11 @@ import (
 // []byte of length keylen that can be used as cryptographic key. The key is
 // derived based on the method described as PBKDF2 with the HMAC variant using
 // the supplied hash function.
-//
-// For example, to use a HMAC-SHA-1 based PBKDF2 key derivation function, you
-// can get a derived key for e.g. AES-256 (which needs a 32-byte key) by
-// doing:
-//
-//	dk := pbkdf2.Key([]byte("some password"), salt, 4096, 32, sha1.New)
-//
-// Remember to get a good random salt. At least 8 bytes is recommended by the
-// RFC.
-//
-// Using a higher iteration count will increase the cost of an exhaustive
-// search but will also make derivation proportionally slower.
 func Key(password, salt []byte, iter, keyLen int, h func() hash.Hash) []byte {
-	prf := hmac.New(h, password)
-	hashLen := prf.Size()
-	numBlocks := (keyLen + hashLen - 1) / hashLen
-
-	var buf [4]byte
-	dk := make([]byte, 0, numBlocks*hashLen)
-	U := make([]byte, hashLen)
-	for block := 1; block <= numBlocks; block++ {
-		// N.B.: || means concatenation, ^ means XOR
-		// for each block T_i = U_1 ^ U_2 ^ ... ^ U_iter
-		// U_1 = PRF(password, salt || uint(i))
-		prf.Reset()
-		prf.Write(salt)
-		buf[0] = byte(block >> 24)
-		buf[1] = byte(block >> 16)
-		buf[2] = byte(block >> 8)
-		buf[3] = byte(block)
-		prf.Write(buf[:4])
-		dk = prf.Sum(dk)
-		T := dk[len(dk)-hashLen:]
-		copy(U, T)
-
-		// U_n = PRF(password, U_(n-1))
-		for n := 2; n <= iter; n++ {
-			prf.Reset()
-			prf.Write(U)
-			U = U[:0]
-			U = prf.Sum(U)
-			for x := range U {
-				T[x] ^= U[x]
-			}
-		}
+	out, err := pbkdf2.Key(h, string(password), salt, iter, keyLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		// FIPS 140 enforcement, or an invalid key length.
+		panic(err)
 	}
-	return dk[:keyLen]
+	return out
 }

scrypt/scrypt.go

@@ -196,6 +196,9 @@ func Key(password, salt []byte, N, r, p, keyLen int) ([]byte, error) {
 	if N <= 1 || N&(N-1) != 0 {
 		return nil, errors.New("scrypt: N must be > 1 and a power of 2")
 	}
+	if r <= 0 || p <= 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("scrypt: parameters must be > 0")
+	}
 	if uint64(r)*uint64(p) >= 1<<30 || r > maxInt/128/p || r > maxInt/256 || N > maxInt/128/r {
 		return nil, errors.New("scrypt: parameters are too large")
 	}

scrypt/scrypt_test.go

@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@ var bad = []testVector{
 	{"p", "s", 1, 1, 1, nil},                    // N == 1
 	{"p", "s", 7, 8, 1, nil},                    // N is not power of 2
 	{"p", "s", 16, maxInt / 2, maxInt / 2, nil}, // p * r too large
+	{"p", "s", 2, 0, 1, nil},                    // r too small
+	{"p", "s", 2, 1, 0, nil},                    // p too small
+	{"p", "s", 2, -1, 1, nil},                   // r is negative
+	{"p", "s", 2, 1, -1, nil},                   // p is negative
 }
 
 func TestKey(t *testing.T) {

ssh/agent/client_test.go

@@ -40,7 +40,11 @@ func startOpenSSHAgent(t *testing.T) (client ExtendedAgent, socket string, clean
 	}
 
 	cmd := exec.Command(bin, "-s")
-	cmd.Env = []string{} // Do not let the user's environment influence ssh-agent behavior.
+	cmd.Env = []string{
+		// ssh-agent creates ~/.ssh and ~/.ssh/agent;
+		// ensure a writeable home directory.
+		"HOME=" + t.TempDir(),
+	} // Do not let the user's environment influence ssh-agent behavior.
 	cmd.Stderr = new(bytes.Buffer)
 	out, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {

ssh/agent/server.go

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func (s *server) processRequestBytes(reqData []byte) []byte {
 		return []byte{agentFailure}
 	}
 
-	if err == nil && rep == nil {
+	if rep == nil {
 		return []byte{agentSuccess}
 	}
 

ssh/certs_test.go

@@ -330,10 +330,6 @@ func TestCertTypes(t *testing.T) {
 			go NewServerConn(c1, conf)
 
 			priv := m.signer
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("error generating ssh pubkey: %v", err)
-			}
-
 			cert := &Certificate{
 				CertType: UserCert,
 				Key:      priv.PublicKey(),

ssh/cipher.go

@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ func (c *cbcCipher) writeCipherPacket(seqNum uint32, w io.Writer, rand io.Reader
 
 	// Length of encrypted portion of the packet (header, payload, padding).
 	// Enforce minimum padding and packet size.
-	encLength := maxUInt32(prefixLen+len(packet)+cbcMinPaddingSize, cbcMinPaddingSize)
+	encLength := maxUInt32(prefixLen+len(packet)+cbcMinPaddingSize, cbcMinPacketSize)
 	// Enforce block size.
 	encLength = (encLength + effectiveBlockSize - 1) / effectiveBlockSize * effectiveBlockSize
 

ssh/client_auth.go

@@ -274,10 +274,14 @@ func pickSignatureAlgorithm(signer Signer, extensions map[string][]byte) (MultiA
 	}
 
 	// Filter algorithms based on those supported by MultiAlgorithmSigner.
+	// Iterate over the signer's algorithms first to preserve its preference order.
+	supportedKeyAlgos := algorithmsForKeyFormat(keyFormat)
 	var keyAlgos []string
-	for _, algo := range algorithmsForKeyFormat(keyFormat) {
-		if slices.Contains(as.Algorithms(), underlyingAlgo(algo)) {
-			keyAlgos = append(keyAlgos, algo)
+	for _, signerAlgo := range as.Algorithms() {
+		if idx := slices.IndexFunc(supportedKeyAlgos, func(algo string) bool {
+			return underlyingAlgo(algo) == signerAlgo
+		}); idx >= 0 {
+			keyAlgos = append(keyAlgos, supportedKeyAlgos[idx])
 		}
 	}
 

ssh/client_auth_test.go

@@ -1159,6 +1159,52 @@ func TestPickSignatureAlgorithm(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPickSignatureAlgorithmRespectsSignerPreference(t *testing.T) {
+	algoSigner, ok := testSigners["rsa"].(AlgorithmSigner)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("rsa test signer does not implement the AlgorithmSigner interface")
+	}
+
+	serverExtensions := map[string][]byte{
+		"server-sig-algs": []byte(KeyAlgoRSASHA256 + "," + KeyAlgoRSASHA512),
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		signerPrefs  []string
+		expectedAlgo string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "Signer prefers SHA512 then SHA256",
+			signerPrefs:  []string{KeyAlgoRSASHA512, KeyAlgoRSASHA256},
+			expectedAlgo: KeyAlgoRSASHA512,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Signer prefers SHA256 then SHA512",
+			signerPrefs:  []string{KeyAlgoRSASHA256, KeyAlgoRSASHA512},
+			expectedAlgo: KeyAlgoRSASHA256,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			orderedSigner, err := NewSignerWithAlgorithms(algoSigner, tc.signerPrefs)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to create ordered signer: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			_, selectedAlgo, err := pickSignatureAlgorithm(orderedSigner, serverExtensions)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if selectedAlgo != tc.expectedAlgo {
+				t.Errorf("Algorithm mismatch; got %q want %q", selectedAlgo, tc.expectedAlgo)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // configurablePublicKeyCallback is a public key callback that allows to
 // configure the signature algorithm and format. This way we can emulate the
 // behavior of buggy clients.

x509roots/fallback/bundle/bundle.go

@@ -21,877 +21,708 @@ var unparsedCertificates = []unparsedCertificate{
 		certStartOff: 2633,
 		certLength:   1471,
 	},
-	{
-		cn:            "CN=AffirmTrust Commercial,O=AffirmTrust,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "0376ab1d54c5f9803ce4b2e201a0ee7eef7b57b636e8a93c9b8d4860c96f5fa7",
-		certStartOff:  4104,
-		certLength:    848,
-		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
-	},
-	{
-		cn:            "CN=AffirmTrust Networking,O=AffirmTrust,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "0a81ec5a929777f145904af38d5d509f66b5e2c58fcdb531058b0e17f3f0b41b",
-		certStartOff:  4952,
-		certLength:    848,
-		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
-	},
-	{
-		cn:            "CN=AffirmTrust Premium ECC,O=AffirmTrust,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "bd71fdf6da97e4cf62d1647add2581b07d79adf8397eb4ecba9c5e8488821423",
-		certStartOff:  5800,
-		certLength:    514,
-		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
-	},
-	{
-		cn:            "CN=AffirmTrust Premium,O=AffirmTrust,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "70a73f7f376b60074248904534b11482d5bf0e698ecc498df52577ebf2e93b9a",
-		certStartOff:  6314,
-		certLength:    1354,
-		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
-	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Amazon Root CA 1,O=Amazon,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "8ecde6884f3d87b1125ba31ac3fcb13d7016de7f57cc904fe1cb97c6ae98196e",
-		certStartOff: 7668,
+		certStartOff: 4104,
 		certLength:   837,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Amazon Root CA 2,O=Amazon,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "1ba5b2aa8c65401a82960118f80bec4f62304d83cec4713a19c39c011ea46db4",
-		certStartOff: 8505,
+		certStartOff: 4941,
 		certLength:   1349,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Amazon Root CA 3,O=Amazon,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "18ce6cfe7bf14e60b2e347b8dfe868cb31d02ebb3ada271569f50343b46db3a4",
-		certStartOff: 9854,
+		certStartOff: 6290,
 		certLength:   442,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Amazon Root CA 4,O=Amazon,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "e35d28419ed02025cfa69038cd623962458da5c695fbdea3c22b0bfb25897092",
-		certStartOff: 10296,
+		certStartOff: 6732,
 		certLength:   502,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Atos TrustedRoot 2011,O=Atos,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "f356bea244b7a91eb35d53ca9ad7864ace018e2d35d5f8f96ddf68a6f41aa474",
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 		cn:           "CN=Atos TrustedRoot Root CA ECC TLS 2021,O=Atos,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "b2fae53e14ccd7ab9212064701ae279c1d8988facb775fa8a008914e663988a8",
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 		sha256Hash:   "81a9088ea59fb364c548a6f85559099b6f0405efbf18e5324ec9f457ba00112f",
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 		cn:           "CN=Autoridad de Certificacion Firmaprofesional CIF A62634068,C=ES",
 		sha256Hash:   "57de0583efd2b26e0361da99da9df4648def7ee8441c3b728afa9bcde0f9b26a",
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 		cn:           "CN=BJCA Global Root CA1,O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "f3896f88fe7c0a882766a7fa6ad2749fb57a7f3e98fb769c1fa7b09c2c44d5ae",
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 		cn:           "CN=BJCA Global Root CA2,O=BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "574df6931e278039667b720afdc1600fc27eb66dd3092979fb73856487212882",
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 		cn:           "CN=Buypass Class 2 Root CA,O=Buypass AS-983163327,C=NO",
 		sha256Hash:   "9a114025197c5bb95d94e63d55cd43790847b646b23cdf11ada4a00eff15fb48",
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 		cn:           "CN=Buypass Class 3 Root CA,O=Buypass AS-983163327,C=NO",
 		sha256Hash:   "edf7ebbca27a2a384d387b7d4010c666e2edb4843e4c29b4ae1d5b9332e6b24d",
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 		cn:           "CN=CA Disig Root R2,O=Disig a.s.,L=Bratislava,C=SK",
 		sha256Hash:   "e23d4a036d7b70e9f595b1422079d2b91edfbb1fb651a0633eaa8a9dc5f80703",
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 		cn:           "CN=CFCA EV ROOT,O=China Financial Certification Authority,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "5cc3d78e4e1d5e45547a04e6873e64f90cf9536d1ccc2ef800f355c4c5fd70fd",
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 		cn:           "CN=COMODO ECC Certification Authority,O=COMODO CA Limited,L=Salford,ST=Greater Manchester,C=GB",
 		sha256Hash:   "1793927a0614549789adce2f8f34f7f0b66d0f3ae3a3b84d21ec15dbba4fadc7",
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 		cn:           "CN=COMODO RSA Certification Authority,O=COMODO CA Limited,L=Salford,ST=Greater Manchester,C=GB",
 		sha256Hash:   "52f0e1c4e58ec629291b60317f074671b85d7ea80d5b07273463534b32b40234",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certainly Root E1,O=Certainly,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "b4585f22e4ac756a4e8612a1361c5d9d031a93fd84febb778fa3068b0fc42dc2",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certainly Root R1,O=Certainly,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "77b82cd8644c4305f7acc5cb156b45675004033d51c60c6202a8e0c33467d3a0",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certigna Root CA,OU=0002 48146308100036,O=Dhimyotis,C=FR",
 		sha256Hash:   "d48d3d23eedb50a459e55197601c27774b9d7b18c94d5a059511a10250b93168",
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 		sha256Hash:   "6b328085625318aa50d173c98d8bda09d57e27413d114cf787a0f5d06c030cf6",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certum Trusted Network CA 2,OU=Certum Certification Authority,O=Unizeto Technologies S.A.,C=PL",
 		sha256Hash:   "b676f2eddae8775cd36cb0f63cd1d4603961f49e6265ba013a2f0307b6d0b804",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certum Trusted Network CA,OU=Certum Certification Authority,O=Unizeto Technologies S.A.,C=PL",
 		sha256Hash:   "5c58468d55f58e497e743982d2b50010b6d165374acf83a7d4a32db768c4408e",
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 		cn:           "CN=Certum Trusted Root CA,OU=Certum Certification Authority,O=Asseco Data Systems S.A.,C=PL",
 		sha256Hash:   "fe7696573855773e37a95e7ad4d9cc96c30157c15d31765ba9b15704e1ae78fd",
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 		certLength:   1476,
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 		cn:           "CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 1 2020,O=D-Trust GmbH,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "e59aaa816009c22bff5b25bad37df306f049797c1f81d85ab089e657bd8f0044",
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 		certLength:   735,
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 		cn:           "CN=D-TRUST BR Root CA 2 2023,O=D-Trust GmbH,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "0552e6f83fdf65e8fa9670e666df28a4e21340b510cbe52566f97c4fb94b2bd1",
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 		certLength:   1453,
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 		cn:           "CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 1 2020,O=D-Trust GmbH,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "08170d1aa36453901a2f959245e347db0c8d37abaabc56b81aa100dc958970db",
-		certStartOff: 40933,
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 		certLength:   735,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=D-TRUST EV Root CA 2 2023,O=D-Trust GmbH,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "8e8221b2e7d4007836a1672f0dcc299c33bc07d316f132fa1a206d587150f1ce",
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 		certLength:   1453,
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 		cn:           "CN=D-TRUST Root Class 3 CA 2 2009,O=D-Trust GmbH,C=DE",
 		sha256Hash:   "49e7a442acf0ea6287050054b52564b650e4f49e42e348d6aa38e039e957b1c1",
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 		sha256Hash:   "eec5496b988ce98625b934092eec2908bed0b0f316c2d4730c84eaf1f3d34881",
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 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G2,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "7d05ebb682339f8c9451ee094eebfefa7953a114edb2f44949452fab7d2fc185",
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 		certLength:   922,
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 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Assured ID Root G3,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "7e37cb8b4c47090cab36551ba6f45db840680fba166a952db100717f43053fc2",
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 		certLength:   586,
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-		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Global Root CA,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Global Root G2,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "cb3ccbb76031e5e0138f8dd39a23f9de47ffc35e43c1144cea27d46a5ab1cb5f",
-		certStartOff: 48705,
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 		certLength:   914,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Global Root G3,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "31ad6648f8104138c738f39ea4320133393e3a18cc02296ef97c2ac9ef6731d0",
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 		certLength:   579,
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-		cn:           "CN=DigiCert High Assurance EV Root CA,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
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 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert TLS ECC P384 Root G5,O=DigiCert\\, Inc.,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "018e13f0772532cf809bd1b17281867283fc48c6e13be9c69812854a490c1b05",
-		certStartOff: 51167,
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 		certLength:   541,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert TLS RSA4096 Root G5,O=DigiCert\\, Inc.,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "371a00dc0533b3721a7eeb40e8419e70799d2b0a0f2c1d80693165f7cec4ad75",
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 		certLength:   1386,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=DigiCert Trusted Root G4,OU=www.digicert.com,O=DigiCert Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "552f7bdcf1a7af9e6ce672017f4f12abf77240c78e761ac203d1d9d20ac89988",
-		certStartOff: 53094,
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 		certLength:   1428,
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-		cn:            "CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - EC1,OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms+OU=(c) 2012 Entrust\\, Inc. - for authorized use only,O=Entrust\\, Inc.,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "02ed0eb28c14da45165c566791700d6451d7fb56f0b2ab1d3b8eb070e56edff5",
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-		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
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-		cn:            "CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority - G2,OU=See www.entrust.net/legal-terms+OU=(c) 2009 Entrust\\, Inc. - for authorized use only,O=Entrust\\, Inc.,C=US",
-		sha256Hash:    "43df5774b03e7fef5fe40d931a7bedf1bb2e6b42738c4e6d3841103d3aa7f339",
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 	{
 		cn:            "CN=Entrust Root Certification Authority,OU=www.entrust.net/CPS is incorporated by reference+OU=(c) 2006 Entrust\\, Inc.,O=Entrust\\, Inc.,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:    "73c176434f1bc6d5adf45b0e76e727287c8de57616c1e6e6141a2b2cbc7d8e4c",
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 		certLength:    1173,
 		distrustAfter: "2024-11-30T23:59:59Z",
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-	{
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GDCA TrustAUTH R5 ROOT,O=GUANG DONG CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY CO.\\,LTD.,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "bfff8fd04433487d6a8aa60c1a29767a9fc2bbb05e420f713a13b992891d3893",
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-		sha256Hash:    "9a296a5182d1d451a2e37f439b74daafa267523329f90f9a0d2007c334e23c9a",
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 		sha256Hash:   "d947432abde7b7fa90fc2e6b59101b1280e0e1c7e4e40fa3c6887fff57a7f4cf",
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-		sha256Hash:   "8d25cd97229dbf70356bda4eb3cc734031e24cf00fafcfd32dc76eb5841c7ea8",
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 		certLength:   1371,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GTS Root R3,O=Google Trust Services LLC,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "34d8a73ee208d9bcdb0d956520934b4e40e69482596e8b6f73c8426b010a6f48",
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GTS Root R4,O=Google Trust Services LLC,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "349dfa4058c5e263123b398ae795573c4e1313c83fe68f93556cd5e8031b3c7d",
-		certStartOff: 64289,
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 		certLength:   525,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign Root E46,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE",
 		sha256Hash:   "cbb9c44d84b8043e1050ea31a69f514955d7bfd2e2c6b49301019ad61d9f5058",
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 		certLength:   527,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign Root R46,O=GlobalSign nv-sa,C=BE",
 		sha256Hash:   "4fa3126d8d3a11d1c4855a4f807cbad6cf919d3a5a88b03bea2c6372d93c40c9",
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 		certLength:   1374,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R4,O=GlobalSign",
 		sha256Hash:   "b085d70b964f191a73e4af0d54ae7a0e07aafdaf9b71dd0862138ab7325a24a2",
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 		certLength:   480,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign ECC Root CA - R5,O=GlobalSign",
 		sha256Hash:   "179fbc148a3dd00fd24ea13458cc43bfa7f59c8182d783a513f6ebec100c8924",
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 		certLength:   546,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R3,O=GlobalSign",
 		sha256Hash:   "cbb522d7b7f127ad6a0113865bdf1cd4102e7d0759af635a7cf4720dc963c53b",
-		certStartOff: 67741,
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 		certLength:   867,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=GlobalSign,OU=GlobalSign Root CA - R6,O=GlobalSign",
 		sha256Hash:   "2cabeafe37d06ca22aba7391c0033d25982952c453647349763a3ab5ad6ccf69",
-		certStartOff: 68608,
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 		certLength:   1415,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Go Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2,O=GoDaddy.com\\, Inc.,L=Scottsdale,ST=Arizona,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "45140b3247eb9cc8c5b4f0d7b53091f73292089e6e5a63e2749dd3aca9198eda",
-		certStartOff: 70023,
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 		certLength:   969,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=HARICA TLS ECC Root CA 2021,O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA,C=GR",
 		sha256Hash:   "3f99cc474acfce4dfed58794665e478d1547739f2e780f1bb4ca9b133097d401",
-		certStartOff: 70992,
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 		certLength:   600,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=HARICA TLS RSA Root CA 2021,O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions CA,C=GR",
 		sha256Hash:   "d95d0e8eda79525bf9beb11b14d2100d3294985f0c62d9fabd9cd999eccb7b1d",
-		certStartOff: 71592,
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 		certLength:   1448,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions ECC RootCA 2015,O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority,L=Athens,C=GR",
 		sha256Hash:   "44b545aa8a25e65a73ca15dc27fc36d24c1cb9953a066539b11582dc487b4833",
-		certStartOff: 73040,
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 		certLength:   711,
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 	{
 		cn:           "CN=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions RootCA 2015,O=Hellenic Academic and Research Institutions Cert. Authority,L=Athens,C=GR",
 		sha256Hash:   "a040929a02ce53b4acf4f2ffc6981ce4496f755e6d45fe0b2a692bcd52523f36",
-		certStartOff: 73751,
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 		certLength:   1551,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=HiPKI Root CA - G1,O=Chunghwa Telecom Co.\\, Ltd.,C=TW",
 		sha256Hash:   "f015ce3cc239bfef064be9f1d2c417e1a0264a0a94be1f0c8d121864eb6949cc",
-		certStartOff: 75302,
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 		certLength:   1390,
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 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=emSign ECC Root CA - G3,OU=emSign PKI,O=eMudhra Technologies Limited,C=IN",
 		sha256Hash:   "86a1ecba089c4a8d3bbe2734c612ba341d813e043cf9e8a862cd5c57a36bbe6b",
-		certStartOff: 145007,
+		certStartOff: 117470,
 		certLength:   594,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=emSign Root CA - C1,OU=emSign PKI,O=eMudhra Inc,C=US",
 		sha256Hash:   "125609aa301da0a249b97a8239cb6a34216f44dcac9f3954b14292f2e8c8608f",
-		certStartOff: 145601,
+		certStartOff: 118064,
 		certLength:   887,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=emSign Root CA - G1,OU=emSign PKI,O=eMudhra Technologies Limited,C=IN",
 		sha256Hash:   "40f6af0346a99aa1cd1d555a4e9cce62c7f9634603ee406615833dc8c8d00367",
-		certStartOff: 146488,
+		certStartOff: 118951,
 		certLength:   920,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=vTrus ECC Root CA,O=iTrusChina Co.\\,Ltd.,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "30fbba2c32238e2a98547af97931e550428b9b3f1c8eeb6633dcfa86c5b27dd3",
-		certStartOff: 147408,
+		certStartOff: 119871,
 		certLength:   531,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "CN=vTrus Root CA,O=iTrusChina Co.\\,Ltd.,C=CN",
 		sha256Hash:   "8a71de6559336f426c26e53880d00d88a18da4c6a91f0dcb6194e206c5c96387",
-		certStartOff: 147939,
+		certStartOff: 120402,
 		certLength:   1370,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "OU=AC RAIZ FNMT-RCM,O=FNMT-RCM,C=ES",
 		sha256Hash:   "ebc5570c29018c4d67b1aa127baf12f703b4611ebc17b7dab5573894179b93fa",
-		certStartOff: 149309,
+		certStartOff: 121772,
 		certLength:   1415,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "OU=Security Communication RootCA2,O=SECOM Trust Systems CO.\\,LTD.,C=JP",
 		sha256Hash:   "513b2cecb810d4cde5dd85391adfc6c2dd60d87bb736d2b521484aa47a0ebef6",
-		certStartOff: 150724,
+		certStartOff: 123187,
 		certLength:   891,
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "OU=certSIGN ROOT CA G2,O=CERTSIGN SA,C=RO",
 		sha256Hash:   "657cfe2fa73faa38462571f332a2363a46fce7020951710702cdfbb6eeda3305",
-		certStartOff: 151615,
+		certStartOff: 124078,
 		certLength:   1355,
 	},
-	{
-		cn:           "OU=certSIGN ROOT CA,O=certSIGN,C=RO",
-		sha256Hash:   "eaa962c4fa4a6bafebe415196d351ccd888d4f53f3fa8ae6d7c466a94e6042bb",
-		certStartOff: 152970,
-		certLength:   828,
-	},
 	{
 		cn:            "OU=ePKI Root Certification Authority,O=Chunghwa Telecom Co.\\, Ltd.,C=TW",
 		sha256Hash:    "c0a6f4dc63a24bfdcf54ef2a6a082a0a72de35803e2ff5ff527ae5d87206dfd5",
-		certStartOff:  153798,
+		certStartOff:  125433,
 		certLength:    1460,
 		distrustAfter: "2025-04-15T23:59:59Z",
 	},
 	{
 		cn:           "SERIALNUMBER=G63287510,CN=ANF Secure Server Root CA,OU=ANF CA Raiz,O=ANF Autoridad de Certificacion,C=ES",
 		sha256Hash:   "fb8fec759169b9106b1e511644c618c51304373f6c0643088d8beffd1b997599",
-		certStartOff: 155258,
+		certStartOff: 126893,
 		certLength:   1523,
 	},
 }

x509roots/fallback/bundle/bundle_test.go

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ package bundle
 import (
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/asn1"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"regexp"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ func TestBundle(t *testing.T) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if unparsed.cn != cert.Subject.String() {
+		if !subjectsEqual(unparsed.cn, cert.Subject.String()) {
 			t.Errorf("unparsedCertificates[%v].cn = %q; want = %q", i, unparsed.cn, cert.Subject.String())
 		}
 
@@ -30,3 +32,34 @@ func TestBundle(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// subjectsEqual reports whether two RFC 2253 DN strings match.
+//
+// It tolerates the rendering difference introduced in Go 1.27, where
+// string-typed attribute values for OIDs outside attributeTypeNames are
+// rendered as strings rather than hex-encoded DER (see Go CL 773800).
+//
+// This can be removed when Go 1.25/1.26 are no longer supported.
+func subjectsEqual(a, b string) bool {
+	return a == b || normalizeHexValues(a) == normalizeHexValues(b)
+}
+
+// normalizeHexValues rewrites any "oid=#hex" to the equivalent "oid=value"
+// rendering produced by Go 1.27+.
+func normalizeHexValues(s string) string {
+	return hexAttrRE.ReplaceAllStringFunc(s, func(match string) string {
+		m := hexAttrRE.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		der, err := hex.DecodeString(m[2])
+		if err != nil {
+			return match
+		}
+		var v string
+		if rest, err := asn1.Unmarshal(der, &v); err != nil || len(rest) != 0 {
+			return match
+		}
+		return m[1] + "=" + v
+	})
+}
+
+// hexAttrRE matches a "oid=#hex" attribute value in an RFC 2253 DN string.
+var hexAttrRE = regexp.MustCompile(`([\d.]+)=#([[:xdigit:]]+)`)

x509roots/fallback/go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 module golang.org/x/crypto/x509roots/fallback
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.25.0