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xterm.js/addons/addon-image/src/kitty/KittyGraphicsHandler.ts
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25 KiB
TypeScript

/**
* Copyright (c) 2025 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
* @license MIT
*/
import { IApcHandler, IImageAddonOptions, IResetHandler, ITerminalExt } from '../Types';
import { ImageRenderer } from '../ImageRenderer';
import { ImageStorage, CELL_SIZE_DEFAULT } from '../ImageStorage';
import Base64Decoder from 'xterm-wasm-parts/lib/base64/Base64Decoder.wasm';
import {
KittyAction,
KittyFormat,
KittyCompression,
IKittyCommand,
IPendingTransmission,
IKittyImageData,
BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGB,
BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGBA,
ALPHA_OPAQUE,
parseKittyCommand
} from './KittyGraphicsTypes';
// Memory limit for base64 decoder (4MB, same as IIPHandler)
const DECODER_KEEP_DATA = 4194304;
// Base64 shard size (~1MB, must be divisible by 4)
const BASE64_SHARD_SIZE = 1048576;
// Decoded shard size: 1MB base64 → 768KB decoded
const DECODED_SHARD_SIZE = 786432;
// Maximum control data size
const MAX_CONTROL_DATA_SIZE = 512;
// Semicolon codepoint
const SEMICOLON = 0x3B;
// Padding character '='
const EQUALS = 0x3D;
/**
* Kitty graphics protocol handler with streaming base64 decoding.
*/
export class KittyGraphicsHandler implements IApcHandler, IResetHandler {
private _aborted = false;
private _decodeError = false;
/** Reusable base64 decoder - avoids WASM cold-start on each chunk */
private _decoder = new Base64Decoder(DECODER_KEEP_DATA);
// Streaming related states
/** True while receiving control data (before semicolon). */
private _inControlData = true;
/** Buffer for control data. */
private _controlData = new Uint32Array(MAX_CONTROL_DATA_SIZE);
private _controlLength = 0;
/** Shard buffer for base64 bytes (filled until 4-byte aligned boundary). */
private _shardBuffer = new Uint32Array(BASE64_SHARD_SIZE);
private _shardBufferPos = 0;
/** Accumulated decoded chunks. */
private _decodedChunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
private _totalDecodedSize = 0;
/** Pre-calculated encoded size limit */
private _encodedSizeLimit = 0;
private _totalEncodedSize = 0;
/** Parsed command. These are the control data before semicolon. */
private _parsedCommand: IKittyCommand | null = null;
// Storage related states
private _pendingTransmissions: Map<number, IPendingTransmission> = new Map();
private _nextImageId = 1;
private _images: Map<number, IKittyImageData> = new Map();
private _decodedImages: Map<number, ImageBitmap> = new Map();
constructor(
private readonly _opts: IImageAddonOptions,
private readonly _renderer: ImageRenderer,
private readonly _storage: ImageStorage,
private readonly _coreTerminal: ITerminalExt
) {}
public reset(): void {
this._pendingTransmissions.clear();
this._images.clear();
for (const bitmap of this._decodedImages.values()) {
bitmap.close();
}
this._decodedImages.clear();
}
public start(): void {
this._aborted = false;
this._decodeError = false;
this._inControlData = true;
this._controlLength = 0;
this._shardBufferPos = 0;
this._decodedChunks = [];
this._totalDecodedSize = 0;
this._parsedCommand = null;
// Pre-calculate encoded limit once: base64 is 4 bytes encoded → 3 bytes decoded
this._encodedSizeLimit = Math.ceil(this._opts.kittySizeLimit * 4 / 3);
this._totalEncodedSize = 0;
}
public put(data: Uint32Array, start: number, end: number): void {
if (this._aborted) return;
if (!this._inControlData) {
this._streamPayload(data, start, end);
} else {
// Scan for semicolon
let controlEnd = end;
for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
if (data[i] === SEMICOLON) {
this._inControlData = false;
controlEnd = i;
break;
}
}
// Copy control data
const copyLength = controlEnd - start;
if (this._controlLength + copyLength > MAX_CONTROL_DATA_SIZE) {
this._aborted = true;
return;
}
this._controlData.set(data.subarray(start, controlEnd), this._controlLength);
this._controlLength += copyLength;
if (!this._inControlData) {
// Found semicolon - parse control data early for validation
this._parsedCommand = parseKittyCommand(this._parseControlDataString());
// Early validation: i+I conflict
if (this._parsedCommand.id !== undefined && this._parsedCommand.imageNumber !== undefined) {
this._sendResponse(this._parsedCommand.id, 'EINVAL:cannot specify both i and I keys', this._parsedCommand.quiet ?? 0);
this._aborted = true;
return;
}
// Delete action doesn't need payload - skip streaming
if (this._parsedCommand.action === KittyAction.DELETE) {
return;
}
// Stream remaining as payload
const payloadStart = controlEnd + 1;
if (payloadStart < end) {
this._streamPayload(data, payloadStart, end);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Stream payload bytes, decode at 4-byte aligned boundaries.
*/
private _streamPayload(data: Uint32Array, start: number, end: number): void {
if (this._aborted) return;
// Check size limit (compare encoded bytes against pre-calculated limit)
// Include cumulative size from pending transmission for multi-chunk images
const pendingKey = this._parsedCommand?.id ?? 0;
const pending = this._pendingTransmissions.get(pendingKey);
const previousEncodedSize = pending?.totalEncodedSize ?? 0;
this._totalEncodedSize += end - start;
const cumulativeEncodedSize = previousEncodedSize + this._totalEncodedSize;
if (cumulativeEncodedSize > this._encodedSizeLimit) {
this._aborted = true;
return;
}
const inputLength = end - start;
const freeSpace = BASE64_SHARD_SIZE - this._shardBufferPos;
if (inputLength < freeSpace) {
// Fits in current shard
this._shardBuffer.set(data.subarray(start, end), this._shardBufferPos);
this._shardBufferPos += inputLength;
return;
}
// Fill shard to capacity
this._shardBuffer.set(data.subarray(start, start + freeSpace), this._shardBufferPos);
this._shardBufferPos = BASE64_SHARD_SIZE;
// Decode full shard (exactly 1MB → 768KB)
if (!this._decodeFullShard()) {
this._aborted = true;
return;
}
// Reset and process remaining
this._shardBufferPos = 0;
const remaining = start + freeSpace;
if (remaining < end) {
this._streamPayload(data, remaining, end);
}
}
/**
* Decode a full 1MB shard (768KB output).
*/
private _decodeFullShard(): boolean {
this._decoder.init(DECODED_SHARD_SIZE);
if (this._decoder.put(this._shardBuffer, 0, BASE64_SHARD_SIZE)) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
if (this._decoder.end()) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
const chunk = new Uint8Array(this._decoder.data8);
this._decodedChunks.push(chunk);
this._totalDecodedSize += chunk.length;
this._decoder.release();
return true;
}
public end(success: boolean): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
if (this._aborted || !success) {
return true;
}
// No semicolon = no payload (delete, capability query)
if (this._inControlData) {
return this._handleNoPayloadCommand();
}
// Use command parsed early in put() - i+I already validated there
const cmd = this._parsedCommand!;
// Delete action was handled by skipping payload - just execute
if (cmd.action === KittyAction.DELETE) {
return this._handleDelete(cmd);
}
const pendingKey = cmd.id ?? 0;
const isMoreComing = cmd.more === 1;
const pending = this._pendingTransmissions.get(pendingKey);
// If continuing a pending transmission, prepend leftover bytes
if (pending && pending.leftoverLength > 0) {
// Shift current buffer to make room for leftover
const newPos = pending.leftoverLength + this._shardBufferPos;
if (newPos <= BASE64_SHARD_SIZE) {
// Shift existing data right
for (let i = this._shardBufferPos - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
this._shardBuffer[i + pending.leftoverLength] = this._shardBuffer[i];
}
// Prepend leftover
this._shardBuffer.set(pending.leftover.subarray(0, pending.leftoverLength), 0);
this._shardBufferPos = newPos;
}
pending.leftoverLength = 0;
}
// Decode with 4-byte alignment, preserving leftover if m=1
if (this._shardBufferPos > 0) {
if (isMoreComing) {
this._decodePartialShardWithLeftover(pendingKey, cmd);
} else {
this._decodePartialShard();
}
}
// Combine all decoded chunks
const imageBytes = this._combineChunks();
return this._handleCommandWithBytesAndCmd(cmd, imageBytes, this._decodeError);
}
/**
* Decode partial shard, storing leftover bytes for m=1 chunks.
*/
private _decodePartialShardWithLeftover(pendingKey: number, cmd: IKittyCommand): boolean {
const length = this._shardBufferPos;
if (length === 0) return true;
// Align to 4 bytes
const aligned = Math.floor(length / 4) * 4;
const leftoverCount = length - aligned;
// Store leftover bytes for next chunk
if (leftoverCount > 0) {
let pending = this._pendingTransmissions.get(pendingKey);
if (!pending) {
pending = {
cmd: { ...cmd },
chunks: [],
totalSize: 0,
totalEncodedSize: 0,
leftover: new Uint32Array(4),
leftoverLength: 0
};
this._pendingTransmissions.set(pendingKey, pending);
}
pending.leftover.set(this._shardBuffer.subarray(aligned, length), 0);
pending.leftoverLength = leftoverCount;
}
if (aligned === 0) return true;
// Count padding (shouldn't have padding in m=1 chunks, but be safe)
let padding = 0;
if (aligned >= 1 && this._shardBuffer[aligned - 1] === EQUALS) padding++;
if (aligned >= 2 && this._shardBuffer[aligned - 2] === EQUALS) padding++;
const decodedSize = Math.floor(aligned * 3 / 4) - padding;
if (decodedSize <= 0) return true;
this._decoder.init(decodedSize);
if (this._decoder.put(this._shardBuffer, 0, aligned)) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
if (this._decoder.end()) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
const chunk = new Uint8Array(this._decoder.data8);
this._decodedChunks.push(chunk);
this._totalDecodedSize += chunk.length;
this._decoder.release();
return true;
}
/**
* Decode partial shard with proper 4-byte alignment.
* For final chunks, pad with = if not aligned instead of truncating.
*/
private _decodePartialShard(): boolean {
let length = this._shardBufferPos;
if (length === 0) return true;
// Count ORIGINAL padding BEFORE we add any
let padding = 0;
if (length >= 1 && this._shardBuffer[length - 1] === EQUALS) padding++;
if (length >= 2 && this._shardBuffer[length - 2] === EQUALS) padding++;
// Pad to 4-byte boundary with = if needed (instead of truncating)
const remainder = length % 4;
if (remainder > 0) {
const paddingNeeded = 4 - remainder;
for (let i = 0; i < paddingNeeded; i++) {
this._shardBuffer[length + i] = EQUALS;
}
length += paddingNeeded;
// Count the artificial padding too!
padding += paddingNeeded;
}
// Calculate decoded size
const decodedSize = Math.floor(length * 3 / 4) - padding;
if (decodedSize <= 0) return true;
this._decoder.init(decodedSize);
if (this._decoder.put(this._shardBuffer, 0, length)) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
if (this._decoder.end()) {
this._decoder.release();
this._decodeError = true;
return false;
}
const chunk = new Uint8Array(this._decoder.data8);
this._decodedChunks.push(chunk);
this._totalDecodedSize += chunk.length;
this._decoder.release();
return true;
}
private _combineChunks(): Uint8Array {
if (this._decodedChunks.length === 0) return new Uint8Array(0);
if (this._decodedChunks.length === 1) return this._decodedChunks[0];
const result = new Uint8Array(this._totalDecodedSize);
let offset = 0;
for (const chunk of this._decodedChunks) {
result.set(chunk, offset);
offset += chunk.length;
}
return result;
}
// Command handling
private _parseControlDataString(): string {
let str = '';
for (let i = 0; i < this._controlLength; i++) {
str += String.fromCodePoint(this._controlData[i]);
}
return str;
}
private _handleNoPayloadCommand(): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
const cmd = parseKittyCommand(this._parseControlDataString());
// Per spec: specifying both i and I is an error
if (cmd.id !== undefined && cmd.imageNumber !== undefined) {
this._sendResponse(cmd.id, 'EINVAL:cannot specify both i and I keys', cmd.quiet ?? 0);
return true;
}
const action = cmd.action ?? 't';
switch (action) {
case KittyAction.DELETE:
return this._handleDelete(cmd);
case KittyAction.QUERY:
this._sendResponse(cmd.id ?? 0, 'OK', cmd.quiet ?? 0);
return true;
default:
return true;
}
}
private _handleCommandWithBytesAndCmd(cmd: IKittyCommand, bytes: Uint8Array, decodeError: boolean): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
const action = cmd.action ?? 't';
switch (action) {
case KittyAction.TRANSMIT:
return this._handleTransmit(cmd, bytes, decodeError);
case KittyAction.TRANSMIT_DISPLAY:
return this._handleTransmitDisplay(cmd, bytes, decodeError);
case KittyAction.QUERY:
return this._handleQuery(cmd, bytes, decodeError);
default:
return true;
}
}
private _handleTransmit(cmd: IKittyCommand, bytes: Uint8Array, decodeError: boolean): boolean {
// TODO: Support file-based transmission modes (t=f, t=t, t=s)
// Currently only supports direct transmission (t=d, the default).
// - t=f (file): Payload is base64-encoded file path. Terminal reads image from that path.
// - t=t (temp file): Payload is base64-encoded path in temp directory. Terminal reads, deletes.
// - t=s Payload is base64-encoded POSIX shm name. Terminal reads from shared memory.
// These modes require filesystem/IPC access not available in browsers. For Node.js/Electron:
// 1. Check cmd.transmission (t key) before treating bytes as image data
// 2. For t=f/t/s: decode bytes as UTF-8 string (the path/name), then read file contents
// 3. For t=d: treat bytes as image data (current behavior)
const pendingKey = cmd.id ?? 0;
const isMoreComing = cmd.more === 1;
const pending = this._pendingTransmissions.get(pendingKey);
// For m=1 intermediate chunks, reject if decode error
if (decodeError && !pending && isMoreComing) return true;
if (pending) {
// Append to existing pending transmission (even if decode error, we keep accumulated data)
if (bytes.length > 0) {
pending.chunks.push(bytes);
pending.totalSize += bytes.length;
}
// Track cumulative encoded size for size limit enforcement
pending.totalEncodedSize += this._totalEncodedSize;
if (isMoreComing) return true;
// Final chunk - merge all (even if the final chunk had a decode error)
const fullData = this._mergeChunks(pending.chunks, pending.totalSize);
this._pendingTransmissions.delete(pendingKey);
if (fullData.length === 0) return true; // Nothing to store
const id = pending.cmd.id ?? this._nextImageId++;
const image: IKittyImageData = {
id,
data: fullData,
width: pending.cmd.width ?? 0,
height: pending.cmd.height ?? 0,
format: (pending.cmd.format ?? KittyFormat.PNG) as 24 | 32 | 100,
compression: pending.cmd.compression ?? ''
};
this._images.set(id, image);
// Note: Don't display here - _handleTransmitDisplay will do it
return true;
}
if (isMoreComing) {
// Start new pending transmission (reject if decode error for first chunk)
if (decodeError) return true;
this._pendingTransmissions.set(pendingKey, {
cmd: { ...cmd },
chunks: bytes.length > 0 ? [bytes] : [],
totalSize: bytes.length,
totalEncodedSize: this._totalEncodedSize,
leftover: new Uint32Array(4),
leftoverLength: 0
});
return true;
}
// Single-chunk transmission - reject if decode error or no data
if (decodeError || bytes.length === 0) return true;
const id = cmd.id ?? this._nextImageId++;
const image: IKittyImageData = {
id,
data: bytes,
width: cmd.width ?? 0,
height: cmd.height ?? 0,
format: (cmd.format ?? KittyFormat.PNG) as 24 | 32 | 100,
compression: cmd.compression ?? ''
};
this._images.set(id, image);
return true;
}
private _mergeChunks(chunks: Uint8Array[], totalSize: number): Uint8Array {
if (chunks.length === 1) return chunks[0];
const result = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
let offset = 0;
for (const chunk of chunks) {
result.set(chunk, offset);
offset += chunk.length;
}
return result;
}
private _handleTransmitDisplay(cmd: IKittyCommand, bytes: Uint8Array, decodeError: boolean): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
if (decodeError) return true;
const pendingKey = cmd.id ?? 0;
this._handleTransmit(cmd, bytes, decodeError);
// If still accumulating chunks, don't display yet
if (this._pendingTransmissions.has(pendingKey)) return true;
// Display the completed image
const id = cmd.id ?? this._nextImageId - 1;
const image = this._images.get(id);
if (image) {
return this._displayImage(image, cmd.columns, cmd.rows);
}
return true;
}
private _handleQuery(cmd: IKittyCommand, bytes: Uint8Array, decodeError: boolean): boolean {
const id = cmd.id ?? 0;
const quiet = cmd.quiet ?? 0;
// Check decode error first (invalid base64)
if (decodeError) {
this._sendResponse(id, 'EINVAL:invalid base64 data', quiet);
return true;
}
// Capability query (no payload) - just respond OK
if (bytes.length === 0) {
this._sendResponse(id, 'OK', quiet);
return true;
}
const format = cmd.format ?? KittyFormat.RGBA;
if (format === KittyFormat.PNG) {
this._sendResponse(id, 'OK', quiet);
} else {
const width = cmd.width ?? 0;
const height = cmd.height ?? 0;
if (!width || !height) {
this._sendResponse(id, 'EINVAL:width and height required for raw pixel data', quiet);
return true;
}
const bytesPerPixel = format === KittyFormat.RGBA ? BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGBA : BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGB;
const expectedBytes = width * height * bytesPerPixel;
if (bytes.length < expectedBytes) {
this._sendResponse(id, `EINVAL:insufficient pixel data`, quiet);
return true;
}
this._sendResponse(id, 'OK', quiet);
}
return true;
}
private _handleDelete(cmd: IKittyCommand): boolean {
const id = cmd.id;
if (id !== undefined) {
this._images.delete(id);
const bitmap = this._decodedImages.get(id);
if (bitmap) {
bitmap.close();
this._decodedImages.delete(id);
}
} else {
this._images.clear();
for (const bitmap of this._decodedImages.values()) {
bitmap.close();
}
this._decodedImages.clear();
}
return true;
}
private _sendResponse(id: number, message: string, quiet: number): void {
const isOk = message === 'OK';
if (isOk && quiet === 1) return;
if (!isOk && quiet === 2) return;
const response = `\x1b_Gi=${id};${message}\x1b\\`;
this._coreTerminal._core.coreService.triggerDataEvent(response);
}
// Image display
private _displayImage(image: IKittyImageData, columns?: number, rows?: number): boolean | Promise<boolean> {
return this._decodeAndDisplay(image, columns, rows)
.then(() => true)
.catch(() => true);
}
private async _decodeAndDisplay(image: IKittyImageData, columns?: number, rows?: number): Promise<void> {
let bitmap = this._decodedImages.get(image.id);
if (!bitmap) {
bitmap = await this._createBitmap(image);
this._decodedImages.set(image.id, bitmap);
}
let w = bitmap.width;
let h = bitmap.height;
if (columns || rows) {
const cw = this._renderer.dimensions?.css.cell.width || CELL_SIZE_DEFAULT.width;
const ch = this._renderer.dimensions?.css.cell.height || CELL_SIZE_DEFAULT.height;
if (columns) w = columns * cw;
if (rows) h = rows * ch;
if (columns && !rows) h = Math.round(w * (bitmap.height / bitmap.width));
else if (rows && !columns) w = Math.round(h * (bitmap.width / bitmap.height));
}
if (w * h > this._opts.pixelLimit) return;
if (w !== bitmap.width || h !== bitmap.height) {
const resized = await createImageBitmap(bitmap, { resizeWidth: w, resizeHeight: h });
this._storage.addImage(resized);
} else {
this._storage.addImage(bitmap);
}
// TODO: Implement cursor movement per Kitty graphics protocol spec
// Per spec: "After placing an image on the screen the cursor must be moved to the
// right by the number of cols in the image placement rectangle and down by the
// number of rows in the image placement rectangle."
//
// Default behavior (C=0 or unspecified): Move cursor by cols/rows
// With C=1: Don't move cursor at all
//
// Implementation would need:
// 1. Get placement.C value (cursor movement policy)
// 2. Calculate cols = placement.columns || Math.ceil(w / cellWidth)
// 3. Calculate rows = placement.rows || Math.ceil(h / cellHeight)
// 4. If C !== 1: Move cursor right by cols and down by rows
// this._bufferService.buffer.x += cols;
// this._bufferService.buffer.y += rows;
}
/**
* Create ImageBitmap from already-decoded image data.
*/
private async _createBitmap(image: IKittyImageData): Promise<ImageBitmap> {
let bytes = image.data;
if (image.compression === KittyCompression.ZLIB) {
bytes = await this._decompressZlib(bytes);
}
if (image.format === KittyFormat.PNG) {
const blob = new Blob([bytes as BlobPart], { type: 'image/png' });
if (!window.createImageBitmap) {
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = new Image();
return new Promise<ImageBitmap>((resolve, reject) => {
img.addEventListener('load', () => {
URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
const canvas = ImageRenderer.createCanvas(window.document, img.width, img.height);
canvas.getContext('2d')?.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
createImageBitmap(canvas).then(resolve).catch(reject);
});
img.addEventListener('error', reject);
img.src = url;
});
}
return createImageBitmap(blob);
}
// Raw pixel data
const width = image.width;
const height = image.height;
if (!width || !height) {
throw new Error('Width and height required for raw pixel data');
}
const bytesPerPixel = image.format === KittyFormat.RGBA ? BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGBA : BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGB;
const expectedBytes = width * height * bytesPerPixel;
if (bytes.length < expectedBytes) {
throw new Error('Insufficient pixel data');
}
const pixelCount = width * height;
const data = new Uint8ClampedArray(pixelCount * BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGBA);
const isRgba = image.format === KittyFormat.RGBA;
let srcOffset = 0;
let dstOffset = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < pixelCount; i++) {
data[dstOffset] = bytes[srcOffset];
data[dstOffset + 1] = bytes[srcOffset + 1];
data[dstOffset + 2] = bytes[srcOffset + 2];
data[dstOffset + 3] = isRgba ? bytes[srcOffset + 3] : ALPHA_OPAQUE;
srcOffset += bytesPerPixel;
dstOffset += BYTES_PER_PIXEL_RGBA;
}
return createImageBitmap(new ImageData(data, width, height));
}
private async _decompressZlib(compressed: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> {
try {
return await this._decompress(compressed, 'deflate');
} catch {
return await this._decompress(compressed, 'deflate-raw');
}
}
private async _decompress(compressed: Uint8Array, format: 'deflate' | 'deflate-raw'): Promise<Uint8Array> {
const ds = new DecompressionStream(format);
const writer = ds.writable.getWriter();
writer.write(compressed as BufferSource);
writer.close();
const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
const reader = ds.readable.getReader();
while (true) {
const { done, value } = await reader.read();
if (done) break;
chunks.push(value);
}
const totalLength = chunks.reduce((sum, chunk) => sum + chunk.length, 0);
const result = new Uint8Array(totalLength);
let offset = 0;
for (const chunk of chunks) {
result.set(chunk, offset);
offset += chunk.length;
}
return result;
}
public get images(): ReadonlyMap<number, IKittyImageData> {
return this._images;
}
}