xterm.js/addons/xterm-addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2018 The xterm.js authors. All rights reserved.
 * @license MIT
 */

import { GlyphRenderer } from './GlyphRenderer';
import { LinkRenderLayer } from './renderLayer/LinkRenderLayer';
import { CursorRenderLayer } from './renderLayer/CursorRenderLayer';
import { acquireCharAtlas, removeTerminalFromCache } from './atlas/CharAtlasCache';
import { WebglCharAtlas } from './atlas/WebglCharAtlas';
import { RectangleRenderer } from './RectangleRenderer';
import { IWebGL2RenderingContext } from './Types';
import { RenderModel, COMBINED_CHAR_BIT_MASK, RENDER_MODEL_BG_OFFSET, RENDER_MODEL_FG_OFFSET, RENDER_MODEL_EXT_OFFSET, RENDER_MODEL_INDICIES_PER_CELL } from './RenderModel';
import { Disposable } from 'common/Lifecycle';
import { Attributes, BgFlags, Content, FgFlags, NULL_CELL_CHAR, NULL_CELL_CODE } from 'common/buffer/Constants';
import { Terminal, IEvent } from 'xterm';
import { IRenderLayer } from './renderLayer/Types';
import { IRenderDimensions, IRenderer, IRequestRedrawEvent } from 'browser/renderer/Types';
import { observeDevicePixelDimensions } from 'browser/renderer/DevicePixelObserver';
import { ITerminal, IColorSet } from 'browser/Types';
import { EventEmitter } from 'common/EventEmitter';
import { CellData } from 'common/buffer/CellData';
import { addDisposableDomListener } from 'browser/Lifecycle';
import { ICharacterJoinerService, ICoreBrowserService } from 'browser/services/Services';
import { CharData, IBufferLine, ICellData } from 'common/Types';
import { AttributeData } from 'common/buffer/AttributeData';
import { ICoreService, IDecorationService } from 'common/services/Services';

/** Work variables to avoid garbage collection. */
const w: { fg: number, bg: number, hasFg: boolean, hasBg: boolean, isSelected: boolean } = {
  fg: 0,
  bg: 0,
  hasFg: false,
  hasBg: false,
  isSelected: false
};

export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
  private _renderLayers: IRenderLayer[];
  private _charAtlas: WebglCharAtlas | undefined;
  private _devicePixelRatio: number;

  private _model: RenderModel = new RenderModel();
  private _workCell: CellData = new CellData();
  private _workColors: { fg: number, bg: number, ext: number } = { fg: 0, bg: 0, ext: 0 };

  private _canvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
  private _gl: IWebGL2RenderingContext;
  private _rectangleRenderer!: RectangleRenderer;
  private _glyphRenderer!: GlyphRenderer;

  public dimensions: IRenderDimensions;

  private _core: ITerminal;
  private _isAttached: boolean;
  private _contextRestorationTimeout: number | undefined;

  private _onChangeTextureAtlas = new EventEmitter<HTMLCanvasElement>();
  public get onChangeTextureAtlas(): IEvent<HTMLCanvasElement> { return this._onChangeTextureAtlas.event; }
  private _onRequestRedraw = new EventEmitter<IRequestRedrawEvent>();
  public get onRequestRedraw(): IEvent<IRequestRedrawEvent> { return this._onRequestRedraw.event; }

  private _onContextLoss = new EventEmitter<void>();
  public get onContextLoss(): IEvent<void> { return this._onContextLoss.event; }

  constructor(
    private _terminal: Terminal,
    private _colors: IColorSet,
    private readonly _characterJoinerService: ICharacterJoinerService,
    private readonly _coreBrowserService: ICoreBrowserService,
    coreService: ICoreService,
    private readonly _decorationService: IDecorationService,
    preserveDrawingBuffer?: boolean
  ) {
    super();

    this._core = (this._terminal as any)._core;

    this._renderLayers = [
      new LinkRenderLayer(this._core.screenElement!, 2, this._colors, this._core, this._coreBrowserService),
      new CursorRenderLayer(_terminal, this._core.screenElement!, 3, this._colors, this._onRequestRedraw, this._coreBrowserService, coreService)
    ];
    this.dimensions = {
      scaledCharWidth: 0,
      scaledCharHeight: 0,
      scaledCellWidth: 0,
      scaledCellHeight: 0,
      scaledCharLeft: 0,
      scaledCharTop: 0,
      scaledCanvasWidth: 0,
      scaledCanvasHeight: 0,
      canvasWidth: 0,
      canvasHeight: 0,
      actualCellWidth: 0,
      actualCellHeight: 0
    };
    this._devicePixelRatio = this._coreBrowserService.dpr;
    this._updateDimensions();

    this._canvas = document.createElement('canvas');

    const contextAttributes = {
      antialias: false,
      depth: false,
      preserveDrawingBuffer
    };
    this._gl = this._canvas.getContext('webgl2', contextAttributes) as IWebGL2RenderingContext;
    if (!this._gl) {
      throw new Error('WebGL2 not supported ' + this._gl);
    }

    this.register(addDisposableDomListener(this._canvas, 'webglcontextlost', (e) => {
      console.log('webglcontextlost event received');
      // Prevent the default behavior in order to enable WebGL context restoration.
      e.preventDefault();
      // Wait a few seconds to see if the 'webglcontextrestored' event is fired.
      // If not, dispatch the onContextLoss notification to observers.
      this._contextRestorationTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
        this._contextRestorationTimeout = undefined;
        console.warn('webgl context not restored; firing onContextLoss');
        this._onContextLoss.fire(e);
      }, 3000 /* ms */);
    }));
    this.register(addDisposableDomListener(this._canvas, 'webglcontextrestored', (e) => {
      console.warn('webglcontextrestored event received');
      clearTimeout(this._contextRestorationTimeout);
      this._contextRestorationTimeout = undefined;
      // The texture atlas and glyph renderer must be fully reinitialized
      // because their contents have been lost.
      removeTerminalFromCache(this._terminal);
      this._initializeWebGLState();
      this._requestRedrawViewport();
    }));

    this.register(observeDevicePixelDimensions(this._canvas, this._coreBrowserService.window, (w, h) => this._setCanvasDevicePixelDimensions(w, h)));

    this._core.screenElement!.appendChild(this._canvas);

    this._initializeWebGLState();

    this._isAttached = this._coreBrowserService.window.document.body.contains(this._core.screenElement!);
  }

  public dispose(): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.dispose();
    }
    this._canvas.parentElement?.removeChild(this._canvas);
    removeTerminalFromCache(this._terminal);
    super.dispose();
  }

  public get textureAtlas(): HTMLCanvasElement | undefined {
    return this._charAtlas?.cacheCanvas;
  }

  public setColors(colors: IColorSet): void {
    this._colors = colors;
    // Clear layers and force a full render
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.setColors(this._terminal, this._colors);
      l.reset(this._terminal);
    }

    this._rectangleRenderer.setColors();

    this._refreshCharAtlas();

    // Force a full refresh
    this._clearModel(true);
  }

  public onDevicePixelRatioChange(): void {
    // If the device pixel ratio changed, the char atlas needs to be regenerated
    // and the terminal needs to refreshed
    if (this._devicePixelRatio !== this._coreBrowserService.dpr) {
      this._devicePixelRatio = this._coreBrowserService.dpr;
      this.onResize(this._terminal.cols, this._terminal.rows);
    }
  }

  public onResize(cols: number, rows: number): void {
    // Update character and canvas dimensions
    this._updateDimensions();

    this._model.resize(this._terminal.cols, this._terminal.rows);

    // Resize all render layers
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.resize(this._terminal, this.dimensions);
    }

    // Resize the canvas
    this._canvas.width = this.dimensions.scaledCanvasWidth;
    this._canvas.height = this.dimensions.scaledCanvasHeight;
    this._canvas.style.width = `${this.dimensions.canvasWidth}px`;
    this._canvas.style.height = `${this.dimensions.canvasHeight}px`;

    // Resize the screen
    this._core.screenElement!.style.width = `${this.dimensions.canvasWidth}px`;
    this._core.screenElement!.style.height = `${this.dimensions.canvasHeight}px`;

    this._rectangleRenderer.setDimensions(this.dimensions);
    this._rectangleRenderer.onResize();
    this._glyphRenderer.setDimensions(this.dimensions);
    this._glyphRenderer.onResize();

    this._refreshCharAtlas();

    // Force a full refresh. Resizing `_glyphRenderer` should clear it already,
    // so there is no need to clear it again here.
    this._clearModel(false);
  }

  public onCharSizeChanged(): void {
    this.onResize(this._terminal.cols, this._terminal.rows);
  }

  public onBlur(): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onBlur(this._terminal);
    }
    // Request a redraw for active/inactive selection background
    this._requestRedrawViewport();
  }

  public onFocus(): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onFocus(this._terminal);
    }
    // Request a redraw for active/inactive selection background
    this._requestRedrawViewport();
  }

  public onSelectionChanged(start: [number, number] | undefined, end: [number, number] | undefined, columnSelectMode: boolean): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onSelectionChanged(this._terminal, start, end, columnSelectMode);
    }
    this._updateSelectionModel(start, end, columnSelectMode);
    this._requestRedrawViewport();
  }

  public onCursorMove(): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onCursorMove(this._terminal);
    }
  }

  public onOptionsChanged(): void {
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onOptionsChanged(this._terminal);
    }
    this._updateDimensions();
    this._refreshCharAtlas();
  }

  /**
   * Initializes members dependent on WebGL context state.
   */
  private _initializeWebGLState(): void {
    // Dispose any previous rectangle and glyph renderers before creating new ones.
    this._rectangleRenderer?.dispose();
    this._glyphRenderer?.dispose();

    this._rectangleRenderer = new RectangleRenderer(this._terminal, this._colors, this._gl, this.dimensions);
    this._glyphRenderer = new GlyphRenderer(this._terminal, this._colors, this._gl, this.dimensions);

    // Update dimensions and acquire char atlas
    this.onCharSizeChanged();
  }

  /**
   * Refreshes the char atlas, aquiring a new one if necessary.
   * @param terminal The terminal.
   * @param colorSet The color set to use for the char atlas.
   */
  private _refreshCharAtlas(): void {
    if (this.dimensions.scaledCharWidth <= 0 && this.dimensions.scaledCharHeight <= 0) {
      // Mark as not attached so char atlas gets refreshed on next render
      this._isAttached = false;
      return;
    }

    const atlas = acquireCharAtlas(this._terminal, this._colors, this.dimensions.scaledCellWidth, this.dimensions.scaledCellHeight, this.dimensions.scaledCharWidth, this.dimensions.scaledCharHeight, this._coreBrowserService.dpr);
    if (!('getRasterizedGlyph' in atlas)) {
      throw new Error('The webgl renderer only works with the webgl char atlas');
    }
    if (this._charAtlas !== atlas) {
      this._onChangeTextureAtlas.fire(atlas.cacheCanvas);
    }
    this._charAtlas = atlas;
    this._charAtlas.warmUp();
    this._glyphRenderer.setAtlas(this._charAtlas);
  }

  /**
   * Clear the model.
   * @param clearGlyphRenderer Whether to also clear the glyph renderer. This
   * should be true generally to make sure it is in the same state as the model.
   */
  private _clearModel(clearGlyphRenderer: boolean): void {
    this._model.clear();
    if (clearGlyphRenderer) {
      this._glyphRenderer.clear();
    }
  }

  public clearCharAtlas(): void {
    this._charAtlas?.clearTexture();
    this._clearModel(true);
    this._updateModel(0, this._terminal.rows - 1);
    this._requestRedrawViewport();
  }

  public clear(): void {
    this._clearModel(true);
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.reset(this._terminal);
    }
  }

  public registerCharacterJoiner(handler: (text: string) => [number, number][]): number {
    return -1;
  }

  public deregisterCharacterJoiner(joinerId: number): boolean {
    return false;
  }

  public renderRows(start: number, end: number): void {
    if (!this._isAttached) {
      if (this._coreBrowserService.window.document.body.contains(this._core.screenElement!) && (this._core as any)._charSizeService.width && (this._core as any)._charSizeService.height) {
        this._updateDimensions();
        this._refreshCharAtlas();
        this._isAttached = true;
      } else {
        return;
      }
    }

    // Update render layers
    for (const l of this._renderLayers) {
      l.onGridChanged(this._terminal, start, end);
    }

    // Tell renderer the frame is beginning
    if (this._glyphRenderer.beginFrame()) {
      this._clearModel(true);
      this._updateSelectionModel(undefined, undefined);
    }

    // Update model to reflect what's drawn
    this._updateModel(start, end);

    // Render
    this._rectangleRenderer.render();
    this._glyphRenderer.render(this._model);
  }

  private _updateModel(start: number, end: number): void {
    const terminal = this._core;
    let cell: ICellData = this._workCell;

    // Declare variable ahead of time to avoid garbage collection
    let lastBg: number;
    let y: number;
    let row: number;
    let line: IBufferLine;
    let joinedRanges: [number, number][];
    let isJoined: boolean;
    let lastCharX: number;
    let range: [number, number];
    let chars: string;
    let code: number;
    let i: number;
    let x: number;
    let j: number;

    for (y = start; y <= end; y++) {
      row = y + terminal.buffer.ydisp;
      line = terminal.buffer.lines.get(row)!;
      this._model.lineLengths[y] = 0;
      joinedRanges = this._characterJoinerService.getJoinedCharacters(row);
      for (x = 0; x < terminal.cols; x++) {
        lastBg = this._workColors.bg;
        line.loadCell(x, cell);

        if (x === 0) {
          lastBg = this._workColors.bg;
        }

        // If true, indicates that the current character(s) to draw were joined.
        isJoined = false;
        lastCharX = x;

        // Process any joined character ranges as needed. Because of how the
        // ranges are produced, we know that they are valid for the characters
        // and attributes of our input.
        if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0]) {
          isJoined = true;
          range = joinedRanges.shift()!;

          // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
          // so we get the string and width representing it directly.
          cell = new JoinedCellData(
            cell,
            line!.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
            range[1] - range[0]
          );

          // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
          lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
        }

        chars = cell.getChars();
        code = cell.getCode();
        i = ((y * terminal.cols) + x) * RENDER_MODEL_INDICIES_PER_CELL;

        // Load colors/resolve overrides into work colors
        this._loadColorsForCell(x, row);

        if (code !== NULL_CELL_CODE) {
          this._model.lineLengths[y] = x + 1;
        }

        // Nothing has changed, no updates needed
        if (this._model.cells[i] === code &&
            this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_BG_OFFSET] === this._workColors.bg &&
            this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_FG_OFFSET] === this._workColors.fg &&
            this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_EXT_OFFSET] === this._workColors.ext) {
          continue;
        }

        // Flag combined chars with a bit mask so they're easily identifiable
        if (chars.length > 1) {
          code |= COMBINED_CHAR_BIT_MASK;
        }

        // Cache the results in the model
        this._model.cells[i] = code;
        this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_BG_OFFSET] = this._workColors.bg;
        this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_FG_OFFSET] = this._workColors.fg;
        this._model.cells[i + RENDER_MODEL_EXT_OFFSET] = this._workColors.ext;

        this._glyphRenderer.updateCell(x, y, code, this._workColors.bg, this._workColors.fg, this._workColors.ext, chars, lastBg);

        if (isJoined) {
          // Restore work cell
          cell = this._workCell;

          // Null out non-first cells
          for (x++; x < lastCharX; x++) {
            j = ((y * terminal.cols) + x) * RENDER_MODEL_INDICIES_PER_CELL;
            this._glyphRenderer.updateCell(x, y, NULL_CELL_CODE, 0, 0, 0, NULL_CELL_CHAR, 0);
            this._model.cells[j] = NULL_CELL_CODE;
            this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_BG_OFFSET] = this._workColors.bg;
            this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_FG_OFFSET] = this._workColors.fg;
            this._model.cells[j + RENDER_MODEL_EXT_OFFSET] = this._workColors.ext;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    this._rectangleRenderer.updateBackgrounds(this._model);
  }

  /**
   * Loads colors for the cell into the work colors object. This resolves overrides/inverse if
   * necessary which is why the work cell object is not used.
   */
  private _loadColorsForCell(x: number, y: number): void {
    this._workColors.bg = this._workCell.bg;
    this._workColors.fg = this._workCell.fg;
    this._workColors.ext = this._workCell.bg & BgFlags.HAS_EXTENDED ? this._workCell.extended.ext : 0;
    // Get any foreground/background overrides, this happens on the model to avoid spreading
    // override logic throughout the different sub-renderers

    // Reset overrides work variables
    w.bg = 0;
    w.fg = 0;
    w.hasBg = false;
    w.hasFg = false;
    w.isSelected = false;

    // Apply decorations on the bottom layer
    this._decorationService.forEachDecorationAtCell(x, y, 'bottom', d => {
      if (d.backgroundColorRGB) {
        w.bg = d.backgroundColorRGB.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
        w.hasBg = true;
      }
      if (d.foregroundColorRGB) {
        w.fg = d.foregroundColorRGB.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
        w.hasFg = true;
      }
    });

    // Apply the selection color if needed
    w.isSelected = this._isCellSelected(x, y);
    if (w.isSelected) {
      w.bg = (this._coreBrowserService.isFocused ? this._colors.selectionBackgroundOpaque : this._colors.selectionInactiveBackgroundOpaque).rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
      w.hasBg = true;
      if (this._colors.selectionForeground) {
        w.fg = this._colors.selectionForeground.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
        w.hasFg = true;
      }
    }

    // Apply decorations on the top layer
    this._decorationService.forEachDecorationAtCell(x, y, 'top', d => {
      if (d.backgroundColorRGB) {
        w.bg = d.backgroundColorRGB.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
        w.hasBg = true;
      }
      if (d.foregroundColorRGB) {
        w.fg = d.foregroundColorRGB.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF;
        w.hasFg = true;
      }
    });

    // Convert any overrides from rgba to the fg/bg packed format. This resolves the inverse flag
    // ahead of time in order to use the correct cache key
    if (w.hasBg) {
      if (w.isSelected) {
        // Non-RGB attributes from model + force non-dim + override + force RGB color mode
        w.bg = (this._workCell.bg & ~Attributes.RGB_MASK & ~BgFlags.DIM) | w.bg | Attributes.CM_RGB;
      } else {
        // Non-RGB attributes from model + override + force RGB color mode
        w.bg = (this._workCell.bg & ~Attributes.RGB_MASK) | w.bg | Attributes.CM_RGB;
      }
    }
    if (w.hasFg) {
      // Non-RGB attributes from model + force disable inverse + override + force RGB color mode
      w.fg = (this._workCell.fg & ~Attributes.RGB_MASK & ~FgFlags.INVERSE) | w.fg | Attributes.CM_RGB;
    }

    // Handle case where inverse was specified by only one of bg override or fg override was set,
    // resolving the other inverse color and setting the inverse flag if needed.
    if (this._workColors.fg & FgFlags.INVERSE) {
      if (w.hasBg && !w.hasFg) {
        // Resolve bg color type (default color has a different meaning in fg vs bg)
        if ((this._workColors.bg & Attributes.CM_MASK) === Attributes.CM_DEFAULT) {
          w.fg = (this._workColors.fg & ~(Attributes.RGB_MASK | FgFlags.INVERSE | Attributes.CM_MASK)) | ((this._colors.background.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF) & Attributes.RGB_MASK) | Attributes.CM_RGB;
        } else {
          w.fg = (this._workColors.fg & ~(Attributes.RGB_MASK | FgFlags.INVERSE | Attributes.CM_MASK)) | this._workColors.bg & (Attributes.RGB_MASK | Attributes.CM_MASK);
        }
        w.hasFg = true;
      }
      if (!w.hasBg && w.hasFg) {
        // Resolve bg color type (default color has a different meaning in fg vs bg)
        if ((this._workColors.fg & Attributes.CM_MASK) === Attributes.CM_DEFAULT) {
          w.bg = (this._workColors.bg & ~(Attributes.RGB_MASK | Attributes.CM_MASK)) | ((this._colors.foreground.rgba >> 8 & 0xFFFFFF) & Attributes.RGB_MASK) | Attributes.CM_RGB;
        } else {
          w.bg = (this._workColors.bg & ~(Attributes.RGB_MASK | Attributes.CM_MASK)) | this._workColors.fg & (Attributes.RGB_MASK | Attributes.CM_MASK);
        }
        w.hasBg = true;
      }
    }

    // Use the override if it exists
    this._workColors.bg = w.hasBg ? w.bg : this._workColors.bg;
    this._workColors.fg = w.hasFg ? w.fg : this._workColors.fg;
  }

  private _isCellSelected(x: number, y: number): boolean {
    if (!this._model.selection.hasSelection) {
      return false;
    }
    y -= this._terminal.buffer.active.viewportY;
    if (this._model.selection.columnSelectMode) {
      if (this._model.selection.startCol <= this._model.selection.endCol) {
        return x >= this._model.selection.startCol && y >= this._model.selection.viewportCappedStartRow &&
          x < this._model.selection.endCol && y <= this._model.selection.viewportCappedEndRow;
      }
      return x < this._model.selection.startCol && y >= this._model.selection.viewportCappedStartRow &&
        x >= this._model.selection.endCol && y <= this._model.selection.viewportCappedEndRow;
    }
    return (y > this._model.selection.viewportStartRow && y < this._model.selection.viewportEndRow) ||
      (this._model.selection.viewportStartRow === this._model.selection.viewportEndRow && y === this._model.selection.viewportStartRow && x >= this._model.selection.startCol && x < this._model.selection.endCol) ||
      (this._model.selection.viewportStartRow < this._model.selection.viewportEndRow && y === this._model.selection.viewportEndRow && x < this._model.selection.endCol) ||
      (this._model.selection.viewportStartRow < this._model.selection.viewportEndRow && y === this._model.selection.viewportStartRow && x >= this._model.selection.startCol);
  }

  private _updateSelectionModel(start: [number, number] | undefined, end: [number, number] | undefined, columnSelectMode: boolean = false): void {
    const terminal = this._terminal;

    // Selection does not exist
    if (!start || !end || (start[0] === end[0] && start[1] === end[1])) {
      this._model.clearSelection();
      return;
    }

    // Translate from buffer position to viewport position
    const viewportStartRow = start[1] - terminal.buffer.active.viewportY;
    const viewportEndRow = end[1] - terminal.buffer.active.viewportY;
    const viewportCappedStartRow = Math.max(viewportStartRow, 0);
    const viewportCappedEndRow = Math.min(viewportEndRow, terminal.rows - 1);

    // No need to draw the selection
    if (viewportCappedStartRow >= terminal.rows || viewportCappedEndRow < 0) {
      this._model.clearSelection();
      return;
    }

    this._model.selection.hasSelection = true;
    this._model.selection.columnSelectMode = columnSelectMode;
    this._model.selection.viewportStartRow = viewportStartRow;
    this._model.selection.viewportEndRow = viewportEndRow;
    this._model.selection.viewportCappedStartRow = viewportCappedStartRow;
    this._model.selection.viewportCappedEndRow = viewportCappedEndRow;
    this._model.selection.startCol = start[0];
    this._model.selection.endCol = end[0];
  }

  /**
   * Recalculates the character and canvas dimensions.
   */
  private _updateDimensions(): void {
    // TODO: Acquire CharSizeService properly

    // Perform a new measure if the CharMeasure dimensions are not yet available
    if (!(this._core as any)._charSizeService.width || !(this._core as any)._charSizeService.height) {
      return;
    }

    // Calculate the scaled character width. Width is floored as it must be drawn to an integer grid
    // in order for the char atlas glyphs to not be blurry.
    this.dimensions.scaledCharWidth = Math.floor((this._core as any)._charSizeService.width * this._devicePixelRatio);

    // Calculate the scaled character height. Height is ceiled in case devicePixelRatio is a
    // floating point number in order to ensure there is enough space to draw the character to the
    // cell.
    this.dimensions.scaledCharHeight = Math.ceil((this._core as any)._charSizeService.height * this._devicePixelRatio);

    // Calculate the scaled cell height, if lineHeight is _not_ 1, the resulting value will be
    // floored since lineHeight can never be lower then 1, this guarentees the scaled cell height
    // will always be larger than scaled char height.
    this.dimensions.scaledCellHeight = Math.floor(this.dimensions.scaledCharHeight * this._terminal.options.lineHeight);

    // Calculate the y offset within a cell that glyph should draw at in order for it to be centered
    // correctly within the cell.
    this.dimensions.scaledCharTop = this._terminal.options.lineHeight === 1 ? 0 : Math.round((this.dimensions.scaledCellHeight - this.dimensions.scaledCharHeight) / 2);

    // Calculate the scaled cell width, taking the letterSpacing into account.
    this.dimensions.scaledCellWidth = this.dimensions.scaledCharWidth + Math.round(this._terminal.options.letterSpacing);

    // Calculate the x offset with a cell that text should draw from in order for it to be centered
    // correctly within the cell.
    this.dimensions.scaledCharLeft = Math.floor(this._terminal.options.letterSpacing / 2);

    // Recalculate the canvas dimensions, the scaled dimensions define the actual number of pixel in
    // the canvas
    this.dimensions.scaledCanvasHeight = this._terminal.rows * this.dimensions.scaledCellHeight;
    this.dimensions.scaledCanvasWidth = this._terminal.cols * this.dimensions.scaledCellWidth;

    // The the size of the canvas on the page. It's important that this rounds to nearest integer
    // and not ceils as browsers often have floating point precision issues where
    // `window.devicePixelRatio` ends up being something like `1.100000023841858` for example, when
    // it's actually 1.1. Ceiling may causes blurriness as the backing canvas image is 1 pixel too
    // large for the canvas element size.
    this.dimensions.canvasHeight = Math.round(this.dimensions.scaledCanvasHeight / this._devicePixelRatio);
    this.dimensions.canvasWidth = Math.round(this.dimensions.scaledCanvasWidth / this._devicePixelRatio);

    // Get the CSS dimensions of an individual cell. This needs to be derived from the calculated
    // device pixel canvas value above. CharMeasure.width/height by itself is insufficient when the
    // page is not at 100% zoom level as CharMeasure is measured in CSS pixels, but the actual char
    // size on the canvas can differ.
    this.dimensions.actualCellHeight = this.dimensions.scaledCellHeight / this._devicePixelRatio;
    this.dimensions.actualCellWidth = this.dimensions.scaledCellWidth / this._devicePixelRatio;
  }

  private _setCanvasDevicePixelDimensions(width: number, height: number): void {
    if (this._canvas.width === width && this._canvas.height === height) {
      return;
    }
    // While the actual canvas size has changed, keep scaledCanvasWidth/Height as the value before
    // the change as it's an exact multiple of the cell sizes.
    this._canvas.width = width;
    this._canvas.height = height;
    this._requestRedrawViewport();
  }

  private _requestRedrawViewport(): void {
    this._onRequestRedraw.fire({ start: 0, end: this._terminal.rows - 1 });
  }
}

// TODO: Share impl with core
export class JoinedCellData extends AttributeData implements ICellData {
  private _width: number;
  // .content carries no meaning for joined CellData, simply nullify it
  // thus we have to overload all other .content accessors
  public content: number = 0;
  public fg: number;
  public bg: number;
  public combinedData: string = '';

  constructor(firstCell: ICellData, chars: string, width: number) {
    super();
    this.fg = firstCell.fg;
    this.bg = firstCell.bg;
    this.combinedData = chars;
    this._width = width;
  }

  public isCombined(): number {
    // always mark joined cell data as combined
    return Content.IS_COMBINED_MASK;
  }

  public getWidth(): number {
    return this._width;
  }

  public getChars(): string {
    return this.combinedData;
  }

  public getCode(): number {
    // code always gets the highest possible fake codepoint (read as -1)
    // this is needed as code is used by caches as identifier
    return 0x1FFFFF;
  }

  public setFromCharData(value: CharData): void {
    throw new Error('not implemented');
  }

  public getAsCharData(): CharData {
    return [this.fg, this.getChars(), this.getWidth(), this.getCode()];
  }
}