Files
crypto/ssh/keys_test.go
T
Nicola Murino 42c83fffff ssh: try harder to detect incorrect passwords for legacy PEM encryption
Because of deficiencies in the format, DecryptPEMBlock does not always
detect an incorrect password. In these cases decrypted DER bytes is
random noise. If the parsing of the key returns an asn1.StructuralError
we return x509.IncorrectPasswordError.

Fixes golang/go#62265

Change-Id: Ib8b845f2bd01662c1f1421d35859a32ac5b78da7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/538835
Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
Auto-Submit: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
2023-11-08 18:01:48 +00:00

729 lines
20 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package ssh
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/dsa"
"crypto/ecdsa"
"crypto/ed25519"
"crypto/elliptic"
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/rsa"
"crypto/x509"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/hex"
"encoding/pem"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"strings"
"testing"
"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/testdata"
)
func rawKey(pub PublicKey) interface{} {
switch k := pub.(type) {
case *rsaPublicKey:
return (*rsa.PublicKey)(k)
case *dsaPublicKey:
return (*dsa.PublicKey)(k)
case *ecdsaPublicKey:
return (*ecdsa.PublicKey)(k)
case ed25519PublicKey:
return (ed25519.PublicKey)(k)
case *Certificate:
return k
}
panic("unknown key type")
}
func TestKeyMarshalParse(t *testing.T) {
for _, priv := range testSigners {
pub := priv.PublicKey()
roundtrip, err := ParsePublicKey(pub.Marshal())
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("ParsePublicKey(%T): %v", pub, err)
}
k1 := rawKey(pub)
k2 := rawKey(roundtrip)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(k1, k2) {
t.Errorf("got %#v in roundtrip, want %#v", k2, k1)
}
}
}
func TestUnsupportedCurves(t *testing.T) {
raw, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P224(), rand.Reader)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("GenerateKey: %v", err)
}
if _, err = NewSignerFromKey(raw); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only P-256") {
t.Fatalf("NewPrivateKey should not succeed with P-224, got: %v", err)
}
if _, err = NewPublicKey(&raw.PublicKey); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "only P-256") {
t.Fatalf("NewPublicKey should not succeed with P-224, got: %v", err)
}
}
func TestNewPublicKey(t *testing.T) {
for _, k := range testSigners {
raw := rawKey(k.PublicKey())
// Skip certificates, as NewPublicKey does not support them.
if _, ok := raw.(*Certificate); ok {
continue
}
pub, err := NewPublicKey(raw)
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("NewPublicKey(%#v): %v", raw, err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(k.PublicKey(), pub) {
t.Errorf("NewPublicKey(%#v) = %#v, want %#v", raw, pub, k.PublicKey())
}
}
}
func TestKeySignVerify(t *testing.T) {
for _, priv := range testSigners {
pub := priv.PublicKey()
data := []byte("sign me")
sig, err := priv.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Sign(%T): %v", priv, err)
}
if err := pub.Verify(data, sig); err != nil {
t.Errorf("publicKey.Verify(%T): %v", priv, err)
}
sig.Blob[5]++
if err := pub.Verify(data, sig); err == nil {
t.Errorf("publicKey.Verify on broken sig did not fail")
}
}
}
func TestKeySignWithAlgorithmVerify(t *testing.T) {
for k, priv := range testSigners {
if algorithmSigner, ok := priv.(MultiAlgorithmSigner); !ok {
t.Errorf("Signers %q constructed by ssh package should always implement the MultiAlgorithmSigner interface: %T", k, priv)
} else {
pub := priv.PublicKey()
data := []byte("sign me")
signWithAlgTestCase := func(algorithm string, expectedAlg string) {
sig, err := algorithmSigner.SignWithAlgorithm(rand.Reader, data, algorithm)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Sign(%T): %v", priv, err)
}
if sig.Format != expectedAlg {
t.Errorf("signature format did not match requested signature algorithm: %s != %s", sig.Format, expectedAlg)
}
if err := pub.Verify(data, sig); err != nil {
t.Errorf("publicKey.Verify(%T): %v", priv, err)
}
sig.Blob[5]++
if err := pub.Verify(data, sig); err == nil {
t.Errorf("publicKey.Verify on broken sig did not fail")
}
}
// Using the empty string as the algorithm name should result in the same signature format as the algorithm-free Sign method.
defaultSig, err := priv.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Sign(%T): %v", priv, err)
}
signWithAlgTestCase("", defaultSig.Format)
// RSA keys are the only ones which currently support more than one signing algorithm
if pub.Type() == KeyAlgoRSA {
for _, algorithm := range []string{KeyAlgoRSA, KeyAlgoRSASHA256, KeyAlgoRSASHA512} {
signWithAlgTestCase(algorithm, algorithm)
}
}
}
}
}
func TestParseRSAPrivateKey(t *testing.T) {
key := testPrivateKeys["rsa"]
rsa, ok := key.(*rsa.PrivateKey)
if !ok {
t.Fatalf("got %T, want *rsa.PrivateKey", rsa)
}
if err := rsa.Validate(); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Validate: %v", err)
}
}
func TestParseECPrivateKey(t *testing.T) {
key := testPrivateKeys["ecdsa"]
ecKey, ok := key.(*ecdsa.PrivateKey)
if !ok {
t.Fatalf("got %T, want *ecdsa.PrivateKey", ecKey)
}
if !validateECPublicKey(ecKey.Curve, ecKey.X, ecKey.Y) {
t.Fatalf("public key does not validate.")
}
}
func TestParseEncryptedPrivateKeysWithPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
data := []byte("sign me")
for _, tt := range testdata.PEMEncryptedKeys {
t.Run(tt.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
_, err := ParsePrivateKeyWithPassphrase(tt.PEMBytes, []byte("incorrect"))
if err != x509.IncorrectPasswordError {
t.Errorf("got %v want IncorrectPasswordError", err)
}
s, err := ParsePrivateKeyWithPassphrase(tt.PEMBytes, []byte(tt.EncryptionKey))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("ParsePrivateKeyWithPassphrase returned error: %s", err)
}
sig, err := s.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Signer.Sign: %v", err)
}
if err := s.PublicKey().Verify(data, sig); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Verify failed: %v", err)
}
_, err = ParsePrivateKey(tt.PEMBytes)
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("ParsePrivateKey succeeded, expected an error")
}
if err, ok := err.(*PassphraseMissingError); !ok {
t.Errorf("got error %q, want PassphraseMissingError", err)
} else if tt.IncludesPublicKey {
if err.PublicKey == nil {
t.Fatalf("expected PassphraseMissingError.PublicKey not to be nil")
}
got, want := err.PublicKey.Marshal(), s.PublicKey().Marshal()
if !bytes.Equal(got, want) {
t.Errorf("error field %q doesn't match signer public key %q", got, want)
}
}
})
}
}
func TestParseEncryptedPrivateKeysWithIncorrectPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
pem := testdata.PEMEncryptedKeys[0].PEMBytes
for i := 0; i < 4096; i++ {
_, err := ParseRawPrivateKeyWithPassphrase(pem, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)))
if !errors.Is(err, x509.IncorrectPasswordError) {
t.Fatalf("expected error: %v, got: %v", x509.IncorrectPasswordError, err)
}
}
}
func TestParseDSA(t *testing.T) {
// We actually exercise the ParsePrivateKey codepath here, as opposed to
// using the ParseRawPrivateKey+NewSignerFromKey path that testdata_test.go
// uses.
s, err := ParsePrivateKey(testdata.PEMBytes["dsa"])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("ParsePrivateKey returned error: %s", err)
}
data := []byte("sign me")
sig, err := s.Sign(rand.Reader, data)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("dsa.Sign: %v", err)
}
if err := s.PublicKey().Verify(data, sig); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Verify failed: %v", err)
}
}
// Tests for authorized_keys parsing.
// getTestKey returns a public key, and its base64 encoding.
func getTestKey() (PublicKey, string) {
k := testPublicKeys["rsa"]
b := &bytes.Buffer{}
e := base64.NewEncoder(base64.StdEncoding, b)
e.Write(k.Marshal())
e.Close()
return k, b.String()
}
func TestMarshalParsePublicKey(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
line := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s user@host", pub.Type(), pubSerialized)
authKeys := MarshalAuthorizedKey(pub)
actualFields := strings.Fields(string(authKeys))
if len(actualFields) == 0 {
t.Fatalf("failed authKeys: %v", authKeys)
}
// drop the comment
expectedFields := strings.Fields(line)[0:2]
if !reflect.DeepEqual(actualFields, expectedFields) {
t.Errorf("got %v, expected %v", actualFields, expectedFields)
}
actPub, _, _, _, err := ParseAuthorizedKey([]byte(line))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("cannot parse %v: %v", line, err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(actPub, pub) {
t.Errorf("got %v, expected %v", actPub, pub)
}
}
func TestMarshalPrivateKey(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
name string
}{
{"rsa-openssh-format"},
{"ed25519"},
{"p256-openssh-format"},
{"p384-openssh-format"},
{"p521-openssh-format"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
expected, ok := testPrivateKeys[tt.name]
if !ok {
t.Fatalf("cannot find key %s", tt.name)
}
block, err := MarshalPrivateKey(expected, "test@golang.org")
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("cannot marshal %s: %v", tt.name, err)
}
key, err := ParseRawPrivateKey(pem.EncodeToMemory(block))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("cannot parse %s: %v", tt.name, err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, key) {
t.Errorf("unexpected marshaled key %s", tt.name)
}
})
}
}
func TestMarshalPrivateKeyWithPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
name string
}{
{"rsa-openssh-format"},
{"ed25519"},
{"p256-openssh-format"},
{"p384-openssh-format"},
{"p521-openssh-format"},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
expected, ok := testPrivateKeys[tt.name]
if !ok {
t.Fatalf("cannot find key %s", tt.name)
}
block, err := MarshalPrivateKeyWithPassphrase(expected, "test@golang.org", []byte("test-passphrase"))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("cannot marshal %s: %v", tt.name, err)
}
key, err := ParseRawPrivateKeyWithPassphrase(pem.EncodeToMemory(block), []byte("test-passphrase"))
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("cannot parse %s: %v", tt.name, err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, key) {
t.Errorf("unexpected marshaled key %s", tt.name)
}
})
}
}
type testAuthResult struct {
pubKey PublicKey
options []string
comments string
rest string
ok bool
}
func testAuthorizedKeys(t *testing.T, authKeys []byte, expected []testAuthResult) {
rest := authKeys
var values []testAuthResult
for len(rest) > 0 {
var r testAuthResult
var err error
r.pubKey, r.comments, r.options, rest, err = ParseAuthorizedKey(rest)
r.ok = (err == nil)
t.Log(err)
r.rest = string(rest)
values = append(values, r)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(values, expected) {
t.Errorf("got %#v, expected %#v", values, expected)
}
}
func TestAuthorizedKeyBasic(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
line := "ssh-rsa " + pubSerialized + " user@host"
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(line),
[]testAuthResult{
{pub, nil, "user@host", "", true},
})
}
func TestAuth(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithOptions := []string{
`# comments to ignore before any keys...`,
``,
`env="HOME=/home/root",no-port-forwarding ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host`,
`# comments to ignore, along with a blank line`,
``,
`env="HOME=/home/root2" ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user2@host2`,
``,
`# more comments, plus a invalid entry`,
`ssh-rsa data-that-will-not-parse user@host3`,
}
for _, eol := range []string{"\n", "\r\n"} {
authOptions := strings.Join(authWithOptions, eol)
rest2 := strings.Join(authWithOptions[3:], eol)
rest3 := strings.Join(authWithOptions[6:], eol)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authOptions), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/root"`, "no-port-forwarding"}, "user@host", rest2, true},
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/root2"`}, "user2@host2", rest3, true},
{nil, nil, "", "", false},
})
}
}
func TestAuthWithQuotedSpaceInEnv(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithQuotedSpaceInEnv := []byte(`env="HOME=/home/root dir",no-port-forwarding ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host`)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithQuotedSpaceInEnv), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/root dir"`, "no-port-forwarding"}, "user@host", "", true},
})
}
func TestAuthWithQuotedCommaInEnv(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithQuotedCommaInEnv := []byte(`env="HOME=/home/root,dir",no-port-forwarding ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host`)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithQuotedCommaInEnv), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/root,dir"`, "no-port-forwarding"}, "user@host", "", true},
})
}
func TestAuthWithQuotedQuoteInEnv(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithQuotedQuoteInEnv := []byte(`env="HOME=/home/\"root dir",no-port-forwarding` + "\t" + `ssh-rsa` + "\t" + pubSerialized + ` user@host`)
authWithDoubleQuotedQuote := []byte(`no-port-forwarding,env="HOME=/home/ \"root dir\"" ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + "\t" + `user@host`)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithQuotedQuoteInEnv), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/\"root dir"`, "no-port-forwarding"}, "user@host", "", true},
})
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithDoubleQuotedQuote), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{"no-port-forwarding", `env="HOME=/home/ \"root dir\""`}, "user@host", "", true},
})
}
func TestAuthWithInvalidSpace(t *testing.T) {
_, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithInvalidSpace := []byte(`env="HOME=/home/root dir", no-port-forwarding ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host
#more to follow but still no valid keys`)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithInvalidSpace), []testAuthResult{
{nil, nil, "", "", false},
})
}
func TestAuthWithMissingQuote(t *testing.T) {
pub, pubSerialized := getTestKey()
authWithMissingQuote := []byte(`env="HOME=/home/root,no-port-forwarding ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host
env="HOME=/home/root",shared-control ssh-rsa ` + pubSerialized + ` user@host`)
testAuthorizedKeys(t, []byte(authWithMissingQuote), []testAuthResult{
{pub, []string{`env="HOME=/home/root"`, `shared-control`}, "user@host", "", true},
})
}
func TestInvalidEntry(t *testing.T) {
authInvalid := []byte(`ssh-rsa`)
_, _, _, _, err := ParseAuthorizedKey(authInvalid)
if err == nil {
t.Errorf("got valid entry for %q", authInvalid)
}
}
var knownHostsParseTests = []struct {
input string
err string
marker string
comment string
hosts []string
rest string
}{
{
"",
"EOF",
"", "", nil, "",
},
{
"# Just a comment",
"EOF",
"", "", nil, "",
},
{
" \t ",
"EOF",
"", "", nil, "",
},
{
"localhost ssh-rsa {RSAPUB}",
"",
"", "", []string{"localhost"}, "",
},
{
"localhost\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}",
"",
"", "", []string{"localhost"}, "",
},
{
"localhost\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}\tcomment comment",
"",
"", "comment comment", []string{"localhost"}, "",
},
{
"localhost\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}\tcomment comment\n",
"",
"", "comment comment", []string{"localhost"}, "",
},
{
"localhost\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}\tcomment comment\r\n",
"",
"", "comment comment", []string{"localhost"}, "",
},
{
"localhost\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}\tcomment comment\r\nnext line",
"",
"", "comment comment", []string{"localhost"}, "next line",
},
{
"localhost,[host2:123]\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}\tcomment comment",
"",
"", "comment comment", []string{"localhost", "[host2:123]"}, "",
},
{
"@marker \tlocalhost,[host2:123]\tssh-rsa {RSAPUB}",
"",
"marker", "", []string{"localhost", "[host2:123]"}, "",
},
{
"@marker \tlocalhost,[host2:123]\tssh-rsa aabbccdd",
"short read",
"", "", nil, "",
},
}
func TestKnownHostsParsing(t *testing.T) {
rsaPub, rsaPubSerialized := getTestKey()
for i, test := range knownHostsParseTests {
var expectedKey PublicKey
const rsaKeyToken = "{RSAPUB}"
input := test.input
if strings.Contains(input, rsaKeyToken) {
expectedKey = rsaPub
input = strings.Replace(test.input, rsaKeyToken, rsaPubSerialized, -1)
}
marker, hosts, pubKey, comment, rest, err := ParseKnownHosts([]byte(input))
if err != nil {
if len(test.err) == 0 {
t.Errorf("#%d: unexpectedly failed with %q", i, err)
} else if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.err) {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected error containing %q, but got %q", i, test.err, err)
}
continue
} else if len(test.err) != 0 {
t.Errorf("#%d: succeeded but expected error including %q", i, test.err)
continue
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(expectedKey, pubKey) {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected key %#v, but got %#v", i, expectedKey, pubKey)
}
if marker != test.marker {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected marker %q, but got %q", i, test.marker, marker)
}
if comment != test.comment {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected comment %q, but got %q", i, test.comment, comment)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.hosts, hosts) {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected hosts %#v, but got %#v", i, test.hosts, hosts)
}
if rest := string(rest); rest != test.rest {
t.Errorf("#%d: expected remaining input to be %q, but got %q", i, test.rest, rest)
}
}
}
func TestFingerprintLegacyMD5(t *testing.T) {
pub, _ := getTestKey()
fingerprint := FingerprintLegacyMD5(pub)
want := "fb:61:6d:1a:e3:f0:95:45:3c:a0:79:be:4a:93:63:66" // ssh-keygen -lf -E md5 rsa
if fingerprint != want {
t.Errorf("got fingerprint %q want %q", fingerprint, want)
}
}
func TestFingerprintSHA256(t *testing.T) {
pub, _ := getTestKey()
fingerprint := FingerprintSHA256(pub)
want := "SHA256:Anr3LjZK8YVpjrxu79myrW9Hrb/wpcMNpVvTq/RcBm8" // ssh-keygen -lf rsa
if fingerprint != want {
t.Errorf("got fingerprint %q want %q", fingerprint, want)
}
}
func TestInvalidKeys(t *testing.T) {
keyTypes := []string{
"RSA PRIVATE KEY",
"PRIVATE KEY",
"EC PRIVATE KEY",
"DSA PRIVATE KEY",
"OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY",
}
for _, keyType := range keyTypes {
for _, dataLen := range []int{0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20} {
data := make([]byte, dataLen)
if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, data); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
var buf bytes.Buffer
pem.Encode(&buf, &pem.Block{
Type: keyType,
Bytes: data,
})
// This test is just to ensure that the function
// doesn't panic so the return value is ignored.
ParseRawPrivateKey(buf.Bytes())
}
}
}
func TestSKKeys(t *testing.T) {
for _, d := range testdata.SKData {
pk, _, _, _, err := ParseAuthorizedKey(d.PubKey)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("parseAuthorizedKey returned error: %v", err)
}
sigBuf := make([]byte, hex.DecodedLen(len(d.HexSignature)))
if _, err := hex.Decode(sigBuf, d.HexSignature); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("hex.Decode() failed: %v", err)
}
dataBuf := make([]byte, hex.DecodedLen(len(d.HexData)))
if _, err := hex.Decode(dataBuf, d.HexData); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("hex.Decode() failed: %v", err)
}
sig, _, ok := parseSignature(sigBuf)
if !ok {
t.Fatalf("parseSignature(%v) failed", sigBuf)
}
// Test that good data and signature pass verification
if err := pk.Verify(dataBuf, sig); err != nil {
t.Errorf("%s: PublicKey.Verify(%v, %v) failed: %v", d.Name, dataBuf, sig, err)
}
// Invalid data being passed in
invalidData := []byte("INVALID DATA")
if err := pk.Verify(invalidData, sig); err == nil {
t.Errorf("%s with invalid data: PublicKey.Verify(%v, %v) passed unexpectedly", d.Name, invalidData, sig)
}
// Change byte in blob to corrup signature
sig.Blob[5] = byte('A')
// Corrupted data being passed in
if err := pk.Verify(dataBuf, sig); err == nil {
t.Errorf("%s with corrupted signature: PublicKey.Verify(%v, %v) passed unexpectedly", d.Name, dataBuf, sig)
}
}
}
func TestNewSignerWithAlgos(t *testing.T) {
algorithSigner, ok := testSigners["rsa"].(AlgorithmSigner)
if !ok {
t.Fatal("rsa test signer does not implement the AlgorithmSigner interface")
}
_, err := NewSignerWithAlgorithms(algorithSigner, nil)
if err == nil {
t.Error("signer with algos created with no algorithms")
}
_, err = NewSignerWithAlgorithms(algorithSigner, []string{KeyAlgoED25519})
if err == nil {
t.Error("signer with algos created with invalid algorithms")
}
_, err = NewSignerWithAlgorithms(algorithSigner, []string{CertAlgoRSASHA256v01})
if err == nil {
t.Error("signer with algos created with certificate algorithms")
}
mas, err := NewSignerWithAlgorithms(algorithSigner, []string{KeyAlgoRSASHA256, KeyAlgoRSASHA512})
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("unable to create signer with valid algorithms: %v", err)
}
_, err = NewSignerWithAlgorithms(mas, []string{KeyAlgoRSA})
if err == nil {
t.Error("signer with algos created with restricted algorithms")
}
}