ssh: return unexpected msg error when server fails keyboard-interactive auth early

Seems the OpenSSH server running on windows fails keyboard-interactive
auth this way without sending any prompt to client. In such case the
golang ssh client should not retry keyboard-interactive auth when the
auth method is wrapped in a RetryableAuthMethod(). Rather the auth
method should be immediately marked as tried&failed and the client auth
process should move on to next available and acceptable auth method.

Fixes golang/go#67855

Change-Id: I6c64ae58ff8325774e37af716601b112f8833d8f
GitHub-Last-Rev: 7fafc4d1c81284b31000d7d6ccadd934dda26d24
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/crypto#297
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/590956
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Nicola Murino <nicola.murino@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nicola Murino <nicola.murino@gmail.com>

ssh/client_auth.go

@@ -555,6 +555,7 @@ func (cb KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) auth(session []byte, user string, c packe
 	}
 
 	gotMsgExtInfo := false
+	gotUserAuthInfoRequest := false
 	for {
 		packet, err := c.readPacket()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -585,6 +586,9 @@ func (cb KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) auth(session []byte, user string, c packe
 			if msg.PartialSuccess {
 				return authPartialSuccess, msg.Methods, nil
 			}
+			if !gotUserAuthInfoRequest {
+				return authFailure, msg.Methods, unexpectedMessageError(msgUserAuthInfoRequest, packet[0])
+			}
 			return authFailure, msg.Methods, nil
 		case msgUserAuthSuccess:
 			return authSuccess, nil, nil
@@ -596,6 +600,7 @@ func (cb KeyboardInteractiveChallenge) auth(session []byte, user string, c packe
 		if err := Unmarshal(packet, &msg); err != nil {
 			return authFailure, nil, err
 		}
+		gotUserAuthInfoRequest = true
 
 		// Manually unpack the prompt/echo pairs.
 		rest := msg.Prompts