sha3: make APIs usable with zero allocations

The "buf points into storage" pattern is nice, but causes the whole
state struct to escape, since escape analysis can't track the pointer
once it's assigned to buf.

Change-Id: I31c0e83f946d66bedb5a180e96ab5d5e936eb322
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/544817
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
LUCI-TryBot-Result: Go LUCI <golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Reviewed-by: Roland Shoemaker <roland@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Mauri de Souza Meneguzzo <mauri870@gmail.com>
Auto-Submit: Filippo Valsorda <filippo@golang.org>

sha3/allocations_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build !noopt
+
+package sha3_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/sha3"
+)
+
+var sink byte
+
+func TestAllocations(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("New", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(10, func() {
+			h := sha3.New256()
+			b := []byte("ABC")
+			h.Write(b)
+			out := make([]byte, 0, 32)
+			out = h.Sum(out)
+			sink ^= out[0]
+		}); allocs > 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected zero allocations, got %0.1f", allocs)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("NewShake", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(10, func() {
+			h := sha3.NewShake128()
+			b := []byte("ABC")
+			h.Write(b)
+			out := make([]byte, 0, 32)
+			out = h.Sum(out)
+			sink ^= out[0]
+			h.Read(out)
+			sink ^= out[0]
+		}); allocs > 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected zero allocations, got %0.1f", allocs)
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("Sum", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(10, func() {
+			b := []byte("ABC")
+			out := sha3.Sum256(b)
+			sink ^= out[0]
+		}); allocs > 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected zero allocations, got %0.1f", allocs)
+		}
+	})
+}