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209 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
209 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
# DFRobot FIT0127 LCD Character Display Specification
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## 1. Overview
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The **DFRobot FIT0127** is a family of **HD44780-compatible character LCD modules** commonly used in embedded systems and hobbyist projects. These displays provide alphanumeric output using a dot-matrix character generator and support both 8-bit and 4-bit parallel interfaces.
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FIT0127 modules are frequently paired with microcontrollers and 8-bit CPUs such as the **6502**, **AVR**, **PIC**, and **Arduino** platforms.
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---
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## 2. General Characteristics
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| Feature | Description |
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| ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
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| Display type | Character LCD (STN, Yellow-Green backlight typical) |
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| Controller | HD44780 or compatible |
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| Interface | Parallel (4-bit or 8-bit) |
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| Character size | 5 x 8 dot matrix |
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| Operating voltage | 5 V logic (some variants support 3.3 V) |
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| Backlight | LED (separate power pins) |
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| Viewing mode | Transflective |
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---
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## 3. Display Variants
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The FIT0127 designation is commonly associated with **16x2 character LCD modules**.
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| Variant | Characters |
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| ------- | ------------------- |
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| FIT0127 | 16 columns x 2 rows |
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---
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## 4. Pin Configuration
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### 4.1 Pinout (Standard 16-pin Header)
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| Pin | Name | Description |
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| --: | ---- | --------------------- |
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| 1 | VSS | Ground |
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| 2 | VDD | +5 V supply |
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| 3 | VO | Contrast adjust |
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| 4 | RS | Register Select |
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| 5 | R/W | Read/Write select |
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| 6 | E | Enable |
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| 7 | D0 | Data bit 0 |
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| 8 | D1 | Data bit 1 |
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| 9 | D2 | Data bit 2 |
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| 10 | D3 | Data bit 3 |
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| 11 | D4 | Data bit 4 |
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| 12 | D5 | Data bit 5 |
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| 13 | D6 | Data bit 6 |
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| 14 | D7 | Data bit 7 |
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| 15 | A | Backlight Anode (+) |
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| 16 | K | Backlight Cathode (-) |
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---
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## 5. Electrical Characteristics (Typical)
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| Parameter | Value |
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| ------------------- | ----------- |
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| Logic voltage (VDD) | 4.5 - 5.5 V |
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| Logic current | ~1-2 mA |
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| Backlight voltage | ~4.2 V |
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| Backlight current | 15-30 mA |
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---
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## 6. Interface Signals
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### 6.1 RS (Register Select)
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| RS | Function |
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| -- | -------------------- |
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| 0 | Instruction register |
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| 1 | Data register |
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### 6.2 R/W
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| R/W | Operation |
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| --- | ------------- |
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| 0 | Write to LCD |
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| 1 | Read from LCD |
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### 6.3 Enable (E)
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* Data is latched on the **falling edge** of E
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* E must be pulsed HIGH LOW for each transfer
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---
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## 7. Data Bus Operation
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### 7.1 8-bit Mode
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* Uses D0-D7
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* Faster operation
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### 7.2 4-bit Mode
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* Uses D4-D7 only
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* Data transferred in two nibbles (high first)
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* Saves I/O pins
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---
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## 8. Internal Memory Map
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### 8.1 DDRAM (Display Data RAM)
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| Address | Display Position |
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| --------: | ---------------- |
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| 0x00-0x0F | Line 1, Col 1-16 |
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| 0x40-0x4F | Line 2, Col 1-16 |
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### 8.2 CGRAM (Character Generator RAM)
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* Supports up to **8 custom characters**
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* Each character uses 8 bytes
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---
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## 9. Instruction Set (Summary)
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| Instruction | Description |
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| ----------- | ---------------------- |
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| 0x01 | Clear display |
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| 0x02 | Return home |
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| 0x04-0x07 | Entry mode set |
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| 0x08-0x0F | Display on/off control |
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| 0x10-0x1F | Cursor/display shift |
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| 0x20-0x3F | Function set |
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| 0x40-0x7F | Set CGRAM address |
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| 0x80-0xFF | Set DDRAM address |
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---
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## 10. Initialization Sequence (4-bit Mode)
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```text
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Wait >15 ms after VDD rises
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Function set: 0x33
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Function set: 0x32
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Function set: 0x28 (4-bit, 2-line)
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Display ON/OFF: 0x0C
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Entry mode: 0x06
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Clear display: 0x01
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```
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---
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## 11. Timing Characteristics (Typical)
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| Operation | Time |
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| ------------------ | -------- |
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| Enable pulse width | ≥ 450 ns |
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| Command execution | ~37 µs |
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| Clear / Home | ~1.52 ms |
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---
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## 12. Typical System Integration (6502 Example)
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```text
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RS VIA output
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E VIA output
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D4-D7 VIA Port B
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R/W Grounded (write-only)
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```
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---
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## 13. Contrast and Backlight Control
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* Contrast adjusted via potentiometer on VO pin
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* Backlight may require series resistor
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* PWM dimming supported via external control
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---
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## 14. Absolute Maximum Ratings (Summary)
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| Parameter | Rating |
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| -------------- | --------------------- |
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| VDD | -0.3 V to +6.0 V |
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| Input voltage | -0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V |
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| Operating temp | -20 °C to +70 °C |
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---
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## 15. Common Use Cases
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* Status displays
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* Debug output for SBCs
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* User interfaces for embedded systems
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* Retrocomputer front panels
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---
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## 16. References
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* <https://static6.arrow.com/aropdfconversion/1f68489996f057bb6611f71d5fdb5f60f44faa72/pgurl_58439499065092.pdf>
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* <https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/9/5/f/7/b/HD44780.pdf>
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* <https://predictabledesigns.com/introduction-embedded-electronic-displays/>
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---
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