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name: convert-pdf-to-md
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description: 'Converts PDF (.pdf) documents into Markdown so their contents can be accurately analyzed, summarized, searched, or extracted from. Use this skill whenever the user shares, references, or asks about a .pdf file — even if they don''t say "convert" or "markdown" explicitly. This includes requests to "read", "summarize", "review", "extract data from", "compare", or "analyze" a PDF report, paper, invoice, form, contract, or scanned document. Always run the bundled conversion script to produce Markdown first; do not attempt to parse PDF content directly or write ad-hoc extraction code. Also use this skill for batch requests involving a whole folder of PDF documents. IMPORTANT: When the user references a folder or set of documents containing multiple file types (.pdf, .docx, .xlsx), invoke ALL three sibling skills — convert-pdf-to-md, convert-word-to-md, and convert-excel-to-md — so no file type is silently skipped.'
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---
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# Convert PDF to Markdown
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## When to use this skill
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Trigger this skill any time there is a `.pdf` file that needs to be
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understood or processed — for example, a user attaches a PDF and asks
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questions about it, wants a summary, wants specific data or tables pulled
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out, or wants multiple PDFs in a folder processed together. PDF is a
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layout/print format, not reliably readable as plain text, so always convert
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it to Markdown first using the script in this skill rather than trying to
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open or parse the file directly.
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This skill only supports `.pdf` — that's MarkItDown's only PDF-family
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format, so there's no legacy format to worry about here (unlike Word's
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`.doc` or Excel's `.xls`).
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**Mixed file types:** When the user references a folder or set of documents
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containing multiple supported file types (`.pdf`, `.docx`, `.xlsx`), this
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skill handles only `.pdf` files. The agent MUST also invoke the sibling
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skills in parallel:
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- `convert-word-to-md` for any `.docx` files
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- `convert-excel-to-md` for any `.xlsx` files
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Never process a folder and silently skip a supported file type. All three
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skills must be invoked together when mixed types are present.
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## Setup (once per environment)
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Before the first conversion in a given environment, follow
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[`references/setup.md`](references/setup.md) step by step to ensure Python,
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pip, `markitdown`, and `pymupdf` (for image extraction) are installed. Do
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this proactively rather than guessing whether the environment is ready — the
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script itself will also fail with a clear pointer back to that file if a
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dependency turns out to be missing, so it's safe to just try the conversion
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first if you're reasonably confident setup was already done.
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## Usage
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The conversion script lives at `scripts/convert_pdf_to_md.py`.
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**Output structure:** MarkItDown's PDF converter extracts text and tables
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only — it has no concept of embedded images at all. This script separately
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extracts real embedded images via PyMuPDF and writes a self-contained folder
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per document:
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```
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<name>/
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img/
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page001_img001.<ext>
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page002_img001.<ext>
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...
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<name>.md
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```
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Because MarkItDown's PDF text does not preserve reliable per-page markers,
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there's no safe way to know exactly where inline an image belongs. Rather
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than risk misplacing images next to the wrong paragraph, the script appends
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a `## Extracted Images` section at the end of the Markdown, with a
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`### Page N` subheading per page that has images — read this section
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separately from the main body text. If the document has no embedded images,
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no `img/` folder or `Extracted Images` section is created.
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**Single file:**
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```powershell
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python scripts\convert_pdf_to_md.py "C:\path\to\document.pdf"
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```
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This creates a `document\` folder next to the source file (containing
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`document.md` and, if present, `document\img\`). To control the destination
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folder explicitly:
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```powershell
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python scripts\convert_pdf_to_md.py "C:\path\to\document.pdf" -o "C:\path\to\output_folder"
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```
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**A folder of PDFs (batch mode):**
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```powershell
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python scripts\convert_pdf_to_md.py "C:\path\to\folder"
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```
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Add `--recursive` to also include subfolders:
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```powershell
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python scripts\convert_pdf_to_md.py "C:\path\to\folder" --recursive
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```
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Each `.pdf` found gets its own `<name>\` output folder next to it by
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default. Pass `-o "C:\path\to\output_parent"` to collect all the generated
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`<name>\` folders under a separate parent directory instead (subfolder
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structure is preserved when combined with `--recursive`).
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After conversion, read the resulting `.md` file(s) to perform the actual
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analysis the user asked for — the script's job is only to produce accurate
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Markdown (and images), not to interpret the content.
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## Deciding where output goes
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**Default — always output next to the source file.** The `<name>/` folder
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is created in the same directory as the source `.pdf`. This is the required
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default for every case. Do NOT override it unless the user explicitly asks
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for a different location.
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**Only use `-o` when** the user explicitly provides an output path (e.g.,
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"save the output to `C:\output`", "put the results in `D:\work`"). Do NOT
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pass `-o` based on the agent's current working directory, the session state
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folder, or any implied location.
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**If the source file path cannot be fully resolved** — for example, the
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user provides only a filename with no directory, or the path is ambiguous —
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use `ask_user` to confirm the full absolute path before running the
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conversion. Never guess or assume the directory.
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## Troubleshooting
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| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
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|---|---|---|
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| `ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'markitdown'` or `'fitz'` / exit code 2 | MarkItDown or PyMuPDF not installed | Follow `references/setup.md` |
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| `ERROR: Unsupported file type '...'` / exit code 3 | Not a `.pdf` file | Ask the user for the correct file, or if it's `.doc`/`.docx`/`.xlsx`, use the matching sibling skill instead |
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| `ERROR: Input path not found` / exit code 3 | Wrong path, or file moved | Confirm the correct path with the user |
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| `FAILED <file> -> ...` in batch output | That specific file is corrupt, password-protected, or otherwise unreadable | Report which file(s) failed; other files in the batch still succeed |
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| `NOTE: skipped N non-.pdf file(s)` | Folder contains non-PDF files | Expected — those files are intentionally ignored |
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| Markdown body is empty or near-empty despite images being extracted | The PDF is scanned/image-only with no embedded text layer; MarkItDown does not perform OCR | Tell the user OCR isn't supported — the extracted page images are still available for them to view |
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| Images appear in an appendix instead of inline with the text | Deliberate limitation — MarkItDown's PDF text has no reliable per-page markers to place images inline | Expected behavior; cross-reference the `### Page N` heading with the surrounding text context if needed |
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