diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c2bcf782a..18d34831f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -170,9 +170,9 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         node-version: [18] # just one as integration tests are about testing in browser
-        runs-on: [ubuntu] # macos is flaky
+        runs-on: [ubuntu-22.04] # macos is flaky
         browser: [chromium, firefox, webkit]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
     - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}.x
diff --git a/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts b/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
index 79ed31ba5..77cf9b16a 100644
--- a/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-search/src/SearchAddon.ts
@@ -499,12 +499,16 @@ export class SearchAddon extends Disposable implements ITerminalAddon , ISearchA
     const [stringLine, offsets] = cache;
 
     const offset = this._bufferColsToStringOffset(row, col);
-    const searchTerm = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? term : term.toLowerCase();
-    const searchStringLine = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? stringLine : stringLine.toLowerCase();
+    let searchTerm = term;
+    let searchStringLine = stringLine;
+    if (!searchOptions.regex) {
+      searchTerm = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? term : term.toLowerCase();
+      searchStringLine = searchOptions.caseSensitive ? stringLine : stringLine.toLowerCase();
+    }
 
     let resultIndex = -1;
     if (searchOptions.regex) {
-      const searchRegex = RegExp(searchTerm, 'g');
+      const searchRegex = RegExp(searchTerm, searchOptions.caseSensitive ? 'g' : 'gi');
       let foundTerm: RegExpExecArray | null;
       if (isReverseSearch) {
         // This loop will get the resultIndex of the _last_ regex match in the range 0..offset
diff --git a/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts b/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
index 7cb071bff..0252b2015 100644
--- a/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-serialize/src/SerializeAddon.test.ts
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ describe('SerializeAddon', () => {
 
     it('empty terminal with default options', async () => {
       const output = serializeAddon.serializeAsHTML();
-      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: courier-new, courier, monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
+      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
     });
 
     it('empty terminal with custom options', async () => {
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ describe('SerializeAddon', () => {
       const output = serializeAddon.serializeAsHTML({
         includeGlobalBackground: true
       });
-      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #ffffff; background-color: #000000; font-family: courier-new, courier, monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
+      assert.equal((output.match(/color: #ffffff; background-color: #000000; font-family: monospace; font-size: 15px;/g) || []).length, 1, output);
     });
 
     it('cells with custom color styling', async () => {
diff --git a/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts b/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
index 216b8404f..4be864c1b 100644
--- a/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-webgl/src/WebglRenderer.ts
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
   private _charAtlasDisposable = this._register(new MutableDisposable());
   private _charAtlas: ITextureAtlas | undefined;
   private _devicePixelRatio: number;
+  private _deviceMaxTextureSize: number;
   private _observerDisposable = this._register(new MutableDisposable());
 
   private _model: RenderModel = new RenderModel();
@@ -102,6 +103,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       throw new Error('WebGL2 not supported ' + this._gl);
     }
 
+    this._deviceMaxTextureSize = this._gl.getParameter(this._gl.MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE);
+
     this._register(addDisposableListener(this._canvas, 'webglcontextlost', (e) => {
       console.log('webglcontextlost event received');
       // Prevent the default behavior in order to enable WebGL context restoration.
@@ -272,7 +275,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       this.dimensions.device.cell.height,
       this.dimensions.device.char.width,
       this.dimensions.device.char.height,
-      this._coreBrowserService.dpr
+      this._coreBrowserService.dpr,
+      this._deviceMaxTextureSize
     );
     if (this._charAtlas !== atlas) {
       this._onChangeTextureAtlas.fire(atlas.pages[0].canvas);
@@ -354,7 +358,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
   }
 
   private _updateCursorBlink(): void {
-    if (this._terminal.options.cursorBlink) {
+    if (this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink ?? this._terminal.options.cursorBlink) {
       this._cursorBlinkStateManager.value = new CursorBlinkStateManager(() => {
         this._requestRedrawCursor();
       }, this._coreBrowserService);
@@ -377,8 +381,11 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     let line: IBufferLine;
     let joinedRanges: [number, number][];
     let isJoined: boolean;
+    let skipJoinedCheckUntilX: number = 0;
+    let isValidJoinRange: boolean = true;
     let lastCharX: number;
     let range: [number, number];
+    let isCursorRow: boolean;
     let chars: string;
     let code: number;
     let width: number;
@@ -387,6 +394,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     let j: number;
     start = clamp(start, terminal.rows - 1, 0);
     end = clamp(end, terminal.rows - 1, 0);
+    const cursorStyle = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle ?? terminal.options.cursorStyle ?? 'block';
 
     const cursorY = this._terminal.buffer.active.baseY + this._terminal.buffer.active.cursorY;
     const viewportRelativeCursorY = cursorY - terminal.buffer.ydisp;
@@ -404,6 +412,8 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
       row = y + terminal.buffer.ydisp;
       line = terminal.buffer.lines.get(row)!;
       this._model.lineLengths[y] = 0;
+      isCursorRow = cursorY === row;
+      skipJoinedCheckUntilX = 0;
       joinedRanges = this._characterJoinerService.getJoinedCharacters(row);
       for (x = 0; x < terminal.cols; x++) {
         lastBg = this._cellColorResolver.result.bg;
@@ -415,25 +425,43 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
 
         // If true, indicates that the current character(s) to draw were joined.
         isJoined = false;
+
+        // Indicates whether this cell is part of a joined range that should be ignored as it cannot
+        // be rendered entirely, like the selection state differs across the range.
+        isValidJoinRange = (x >= skipJoinedCheckUntilX);
+
         lastCharX = x;
 
         // Process any joined character ranges as needed. Because of how the
         // ranges are produced, we know that they are valid for the characters
         // and attributes of our input.
-        if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0]) {
-          isJoined = true;
+        if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0] && isValidJoinRange) {
           range = joinedRanges.shift()!;
 
-          // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
-          // so we get the string and width representing it directly.
-          cell = new JoinedCellData(
-            cell,
-            line!.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
-            range[1] - range[0]
-          );
+          // If the ligature's selection state is not consistent, don't join it. This helps the
+          // selection render correctly regardless whether they should be joined.
+          const firstSelectionState = this._model.selection.isCellSelected(this._terminal, range[0], row);
+          for (i = range[0] + 1; i < range[1]; i++) {
+            isValidJoinRange &&= (firstSelectionState === this._model.selection.isCellSelected(this._terminal, i, row));
+          }
+          // Similarly, if the cursor is in the ligature, don't join it.
+          isValidJoinRange &&= !isCursorRow || cursorX < range[0] || cursorX >= range[1];
+          if (!isValidJoinRange) {
+            skipJoinedCheckUntilX = range[1];
+          } else {
+            isJoined = true;
 
-          // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
-          lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+            // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
+            // so we get the string and width representing it directly.
+            cell = new JoinedCellData(
+              cell,
+              line!.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
+              range[1] - range[0]
+            );
+
+            // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
+            lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+          }
         }
 
         chars = cell.getChars();
@@ -450,8 +478,7 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
               x: cursorX,
               y: viewportRelativeCursorY,
               width: cell.getWidth(),
-              style: this._coreBrowserService.isFocused ?
-                (terminal.options.cursorStyle || 'block') : terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle,
+              style: this._coreBrowserService.isFocused ? cursorStyle : terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle,
               cursorWidth: terminal.options.cursorWidth,
               dpr: this._devicePixelRatio
             };
@@ -459,9 +486,10 @@ export class WebglRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
           }
           if (x >= cursorX && x <= lastCursorX &&
               ((this._coreBrowserService.isFocused &&
-              (terminal.options.cursorStyle || 'block') === 'block') ||
+              cursorStyle === 'block') ||
               (this._coreBrowserService.isFocused === false &&
-              terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle === 'block'))) {
+              terminal.options.cursorInactiveStyle === 'block'))
+          ) {
             this._cellColorResolver.result.fg =
               Attributes.CM_RGB | (this._themeService.colors.cursorAccent.rgba >> 8 & Attributes.RGB_MASK);
             this._cellColorResolver.result.bg =
diff --git a/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts b/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
index 3d9a1aa5c..0cac7eb3f 100644
--- a/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
+++ b/addons/addon-webgl/src/renderLayer/BaseRenderLayer.ts
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ export abstract class BaseRenderLayer extends Disposable implements IRenderLayer
     if (this._deviceCharWidth <= 0 && this._deviceCharHeight <= 0) {
       return;
     }
-    this._charAtlas = acquireTextureAtlas(terminal, this._optionsService.rawOptions, colorSet, this._deviceCellWidth, this._deviceCellHeight, this._deviceCharWidth, this._deviceCharHeight, this._coreBrowserService.dpr);
+
+    this._charAtlas = acquireTextureAtlas(terminal, this._optionsService.rawOptions, colorSet, this._deviceCellWidth, this._deviceCellHeight, this._deviceCharWidth, this._deviceCharHeight, this._coreBrowserService.dpr, 2048);
     this._charAtlas.warmUp();
   }
 
diff --git a/demo/client.ts b/demo/client.ts
index 274431100..080270976 100644
--- a/demo/client.ts
+++ b/demo/client.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ if ('WebAssembly' in window) {
   ImageAddon = imageAddon.ImageAddon;
 }
 
-import { Terminal, ITerminalOptions, type IDisposable } from '@xterm/xterm';
+import { Terminal, ITerminalOptions, type IDisposable, type ITheme } from '@xterm/xterm';
 import { AttachAddon } from '@xterm/addon-attach';
 import { ClipboardAddon } from '@xterm/addon-clipboard';
 import { FitAddon } from '@xterm/addon-fit';
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ const xtermjsTheme = {
   brightCyan: '#72F0FF',
   white: '#F8F8F8',
   brightWhite: '#FFFFFF'
-};
+} satisfies ITheme;
 function setPadding(): void {
   term.element.style.padding = parseInt(paddingElement.value, 10).toString() + 'px';
   addons.fit.instance.fit();
@@ -246,6 +246,7 @@ if (document.location.pathname === '/test') {
   document.getElementById('add-decoration').addEventListener('click', addDecoration);
   document.getElementById('add-overview-ruler').addEventListener('click', addOverviewRuler);
   document.getElementById('decoration-stress-test').addEventListener('click', decorationStressTest);
+  document.getElementById('ligatures-test').addEventListener('click', ligaturesTest);
   document.getElementById('weblinks-test').addEventListener('click', testWeblinks);
   document.getElementById('bce').addEventListener('click', coloredErase);
   addVtButtons();
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ function createTerminal(): void {
       backend: 'conpty',
       buildNumber: 22621
     } : undefined,
-    fontFamily: '"Fira Code", courier-new, courier, monospace, "Powerline Extra Symbols"',
+    fontFamily: '"Fira Code", monospace, "Powerline Extra Symbols"',
     theme: xtermjsTheme
   } as ITerminalOptions);
 
@@ -1275,9 +1276,9 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
 
     const element = document.createElement('button');
     element.textContent = name;
-    writeCsi.split('');
-    const prefix = writeCsi.length === 2 ? writeCsi[0] : '';
-    const suffix = writeCsi[writeCsi.length - 1];
+    const writeCsiSplit = writeCsi.split('|');
+    const prefix = writeCsiSplit.length === 2 ? writeCsiSplit[0] : '';
+    const suffix = writeCsiSplit[writeCsiSplit.length - 1];
     element.addEventListener(`click`, () => term.write(csi(`${prefix}${inputs.map(e => e.value).join(';')}${suffix}`)));
 
     const desc = document.createElement('span');
@@ -1290,22 +1291,23 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
   }
   const vtFragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
   const buttonSpecs: { [key: string]: { label: string, description: string, paramCount?: number }} = {
-    A:    { label: 'CUU ↑',  description: 'Cursor Up Ps Times' },
-    B:    { label: 'CUD ↓',  description: 'Cursor Down Ps Times' },
-    C:    { label: 'CUF →',  description: 'Cursor Forward Ps Times' },
-    D:    { label: 'CUB ←',  description: 'Cursor Backward Ps Times' },
-    E:    { label: 'CNL',    description: 'Cursor Next Line Ps Times' },
-    F:    { label: 'CPL',    description: 'Cursor Preceding Line Ps Times' },
-    G:    { label: 'CHA',    description: 'Cursor Character Absolute' },
-    H:    { label: 'CUP',    description: 'Cursor Position [row;column]', paramCount: 2 },
-    I:    { label: 'CHT',    description: 'Cursor Forward Tabulation Ps tab stops' },
-    J:    { label: 'ED',     description: 'Erase in Display' },
-    '?J': { label: 'DECSED', description: 'Erase in Display' },
-    K:    { label: 'EL',     description: 'Erase in Line' },
-    '?K': { label: 'DECSEL', description: 'Erase in Line' },
-    L:    { label: 'IL',     description: 'Insert Ps Line(s)' },
-    M:    { label: 'DL',     description: 'Delete Ps Line(s)' },
-    P:    { label: 'DCH',    description: 'Delete Ps Character(s)' }
+    A:     { label: 'CUU ↑',    description: 'Cursor Up Ps Times' },
+    B:     { label: 'CUD ↓',    description: 'Cursor Down Ps Times' },
+    C:     { label: 'CUF →',    description: 'Cursor Forward Ps Times' },
+    D:     { label: 'CUB ←',    description: 'Cursor Backward Ps Times' },
+    E:     { label: 'CNL',      description: 'Cursor Next Line Ps Times' },
+    F:     { label: 'CPL',      description: 'Cursor Preceding Line Ps Times' },
+    G:     { label: 'CHA',      description: 'Cursor Character Absolute' },
+    H:     { label: 'CUP',      description: 'Cursor Position [row;column]', paramCount: 2 },
+    I:     { label: 'CHT',      description: 'Cursor Forward Tabulation Ps tab stops' },
+    J:     { label: 'ED',       description: 'Erase in Display' },
+    '?|J': { label: 'DECSED',   description: 'Erase in Display' },
+    K:     { label: 'EL',       description: 'Erase in Line' },
+    '?|K': { label: 'DECSEL',   description: 'Erase in Line' },
+    L:     { label: 'IL',       description: 'Insert Ps Line(s)' },
+    M:     { label: 'DL',       description: 'Delete Ps Line(s)' },
+    P:     { label: 'DCH',      description: 'Delete Ps Character(s)' },
+    ' q':  { label: 'DECSCUSR', description: 'Set Cursor Style', paramCount: 1 }
   };
   for (const s of Object.keys(buttonSpecs)) {
     const spec = buttonSpecs[s];
@@ -1315,6 +1317,20 @@ function addVtButtons(): void {
   document.querySelector('#vt-container').appendChild(vtFragment);
 }
 
+function ligaturesTest(): void {
+  term.write([
+    '',
+    '-<< -< -<- <-- <--- <<- <- -> ->> --> ---> ->- >- >>-',
+    '=<< =< =<= <== <=== <<= <= => =>> ==> ===> =>= >= >>=',
+    '<-> <--> <---> <----> <=> <==> <===> <====> :: ::: __',
+    '<~~ </ </> /> ~~> == != /= ~= <> === !== !=== =/= =!=',
+    '<: := *= *+ <* <*> *> <| <|> |> <. <.> .> +* =* =: :>',
+    '(* *) /* */ [| |] {| |} ++ +++ \/ /\ |- -| <!-- <!---',
+    '==== ===== ====== ======= ======== =========',
+    '---- ----- ------ ------- -------- ---------'
+  ].join('\r\n'));
+}
+
 function testWeblinks(): void {
   const linkExamples = `
 aaa http://example.com aaa http://example.com aaa
diff --git a/demo/index.html b/demo/index.html
index 731f92ecc..cb63b174a 100644
--- a/demo/index.html
+++ b/demo/index.html
@@ -106,6 +106,9 @@
               <dd><button id="add-overview-ruler" title="Add an overview ruler to the terminal">Add Overview Ruler</button></dd>
               <dd><button id="decoration-stress-test" title="Toggle between adding and removing a decoration to each line">Stress Test</button></dd>
 
+              <dt>Ligatures Addon</dt>
+              <dd><button id="ligatures-test" title="Write common ligatures sequences">Common ligatures</button></dd>
+
               <dt>Weblinks Addon</dt>
               <dd><button id="weblinks-test" title="Various url conditions from demo data, hover&click to test">Test URLs</button></dd>
 
diff --git a/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts b/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
index 2e15b5f37..110973b86 100644
--- a/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
+++ b/src/browser/CoreBrowserTerminal.ts
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     }
 
     // If the terminal is already opened
-    if (this.element?.ownerDocument.defaultView && this._coreBrowserService) {
+    if (this.element?.ownerDocument.defaultView && this._coreBrowserService && this.element?.isConnected) {
       // Adjust the window if needed
       if (this.element.ownerDocument.defaultView !== this._coreBrowserService.window) {
         this._coreBrowserService.window = this.element.ownerDocument.defaultView;
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     this.screenElement.appendChild(this._helperContainer);
     fragment.appendChild(this.screenElement);
 
-    this.textarea = this._document.createElement('textarea');
+    const textarea = this.textarea = this._document.createElement('textarea');
     this.textarea.classList.add('xterm-helper-textarea');
     this.textarea.setAttribute('aria-label', Strings.promptLabel.get());
     if (!Browser.isChromeOS) {
@@ -449,6 +449,8 @@ export class CoreBrowserTerminal extends CoreTerminal implements ITerminal {
     this.textarea.setAttribute('autocapitalize', 'off');
     this.textarea.setAttribute('spellcheck', 'false');
     this.textarea.tabIndex = 0;
+    this._register(this.optionsService.onSpecificOptionChange('disableStdin', () => textarea.readOnly = this.optionsService.rawOptions.disableStdin));
+    this.textarea.readOnly = this.optionsService.rawOptions.disableStdin;
 
     // Register the core browser service before the generic textarea handlers are registered so it
     // handles them first. Otherwise the renderers may use the wrong focus state.
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
index f6fda22e6..1c271797a 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRenderer.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { ICharSizeService, ICoreBrowserService, IThemeService } from 'browser/se
 import { ILinkifier2, ILinkifierEvent, ITerminal, ReadonlyColorSet } from 'browser/Types';
 import { color } from 'common/Color';
 import { Disposable, toDisposable } from 'vs/base/common/lifecycle';
-import { IBufferService, IInstantiationService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
+import { IBufferService, ICoreService, IInstantiationService, IOptionsService } from 'common/services/Services';
 import { Emitter } from 'vs/base/common/event';
 
 
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     @ICharSizeService private readonly _charSizeService: ICharSizeService,
     @IOptionsService private readonly _optionsService: IOptionsService,
     @IBufferService private readonly _bufferService: IBufferService,
+    @ICoreService private readonly _coreService: ICoreService,
     @ICoreBrowserService private readonly _coreBrowserService: ICoreBrowserService,
     @IThemeService private readonly _themeService: IThemeService
   ) {
@@ -161,6 +162,10 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     // Base CSS
     let styles =
       `${this._terminalSelector} .${ROW_CONTAINER_CLASS} {` +
+      // Disabling pointer events circumvents a browser behavior that prevents `click` events from
+      // being delivered if the target element is replaced during the click. This happened due to
+      // refresh() being called during the mousedown handler to start a selection.
+      ` pointer-events: none;` +
       ` color: ${colors.foreground.css};` +
       ` font-family: ${this._optionsService.rawOptions.fontFamily};` +
       ` font-size: ${this._optionsService.rawOptions.fontSize}px;` +
@@ -437,8 +442,8 @@ export class DomRenderer extends Disposable implements IRenderer {
     const buffer = this._bufferService.buffer;
     const cursorAbsoluteY = buffer.ybase + buffer.y;
     const cursorX = Math.min(buffer.x, this._bufferService.cols - 1);
-    const cursorBlink = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorBlink;
-    const cursorStyle = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorStyle;
+    const cursorBlink = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink ?? this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorBlink;
+    const cursorStyle = this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle ?? this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorStyle;
     const cursorInactiveStyle = this._optionsService.rawOptions.cursorInactiveStyle;
 
     for (let y = start; y <= end; y++) {
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
index d71edeb96..96d3f171b 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/dom/DomRendererRowFactory.ts
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
     let charElement: HTMLSpanElement | undefined;
     let cellAmount = 0;
     let text = '';
+    let i = 0;
     let oldBg = 0;
     let oldFg = 0;
     let oldExt = 0;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
     let oldSpacing = 0;
     let oldIsInSelection: boolean = false;
     let spacing = 0;
+    let skipJoinedCheckUntilX = 0;
     const classes: string[] = [];
 
     const hasHover = linkStart !== -1 && linkEnd !== -1;
@@ -106,29 +108,46 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
 
       // If true, indicates that the current character(s) to draw were joined.
       let isJoined = false;
+
+      // Indicates whether this cell is part of a joined range that should be ignored as it cannot
+      // be rendered entirely, like the selection state differs across the range.
+      let isValidJoinRange = (x >= skipJoinedCheckUntilX);
+
       let lastCharX = x;
 
       // Process any joined character ranges as needed. Because of how the
       // ranges are produced, we know that they are valid for the characters
       // and attributes of our input.
       let cell = this._workCell;
-      if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0]) {
-        isJoined = true;
+      if (joinedRanges.length > 0 && x === joinedRanges[0][0] && isValidJoinRange) {
         const range = joinedRanges.shift()!;
+        // If the ligature's selection state is not consistent, don't join it. This helps the
+        // selection render correctly regardless whether they should be joined.
+        const firstSelectionState = this._isCellInSelection(range[0], row);
+        for (i = range[0] + 1; i < range[1]; i++) {
+          isValidJoinRange &&= (firstSelectionState === this._isCellInSelection(i, row));
+        }
+        // Similarly, if the cursor is in the ligature, don't join it.
+        isValidJoinRange &&= !isCursorRow || cursorX < range[0] || cursorX >= range[1];
+        if (!isValidJoinRange) {
+          skipJoinedCheckUntilX = range[1];
+        } else {
+          isJoined = true;
 
-        // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
-        // so we get the string and width representing it directly
-        cell = new JoinedCellData(
-          this._workCell,
-          lineData.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
-          range[1] - range[0]
-        );
+          // We already know the exact start and end column of the joined range,
+          // so we get the string and width representing it directly
+          cell = new JoinedCellData(
+            this._workCell,
+            lineData.translateToString(true, range[0], range[1]),
+            range[1] - range[0]
+          );
 
-        // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
-        lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
+          // Skip over the cells occupied by this range in the loop
+          lastCharX = range[1] - 1;
 
-        // Recalculate width
-        width = cell.getWidth();
+          // Recalculate width
+          width = cell.getWidth();
+        }
       }
 
       const isInSelection = this._isCellInSelection(x, row);
@@ -178,6 +197,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
           && !isCursorCell
           && !isJoined
           && !isDecorated
+          && isValidJoinRange
         ) {
           // no span alterations, thus only account chars skipping all code below
           if (cell.isInvisible()) {
@@ -435,7 +455,7 @@ export class DomRendererRowFactory {
       }
 
       // exclude conditions for cell merging - never merge these
-      if (!isCursorCell && !isJoined && !isDecorated) {
+      if (!isCursorCell && !isJoined && !isDecorated && isValidJoinRange) {
         cellAmount++;
       } else {
         charElement.textContent = text;
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
index 0a8714832..33e580785 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasCache.ts
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ export function acquireTextureAtlas(
   deviceCellHeight: number,
   deviceCharWidth: number,
   deviceCharHeight: number,
-  devicePixelRatio: number
+  devicePixelRatio: number,
+  deviceMaxTextureSize: number
 ): ITextureAtlas {
-  const newConfig = generateConfig(deviceCellWidth, deviceCellHeight, deviceCharWidth, deviceCharHeight, options, colors, devicePixelRatio);
+  const newConfig = generateConfig(deviceCellWidth, deviceCellHeight, deviceCharWidth, deviceCharHeight, options, colors, devicePixelRatio, deviceMaxTextureSize);
 
   // Check to see if the terminal already owns this config
   for (let i = 0; i < charAtlasCache.length; i++) {
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
index fb3fae88f..db601383f 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/CharAtlasUtils.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { ITerminalOptions } from '@xterm/xterm';
 import { IColorSet, ReadonlyColorSet } from 'browser/Types';
 import { NULL_COLOR } from 'common/Color';
 
-export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number, deviceCharWidth: number, deviceCharHeight: number, options: Required<ITerminalOptions>, colors: ReadonlyColorSet, devicePixelRatio: number): ICharAtlasConfig {
+export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number, deviceCharWidth: number, deviceCharHeight: number, options: Required<ITerminalOptions>, colors: ReadonlyColorSet, devicePixelRatio: number, deviceMaxTextureSize: number): ICharAtlasConfig {
   // null out some fields that don't matter
   const clonedColors: IColorSet = {
     foreground: colors.foreground,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export function generateConfig(deviceCellWidth: number, deviceCellHeight: number
   return {
     customGlyphs: options.customGlyphs,
     devicePixelRatio,
+    deviceMaxTextureSize,
     letterSpacing: options.letterSpacing,
     lineHeight: options.lineHeight,
     deviceCellWidth: deviceCellWidth,
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
index a86cd4599..c692aece6 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/TextureAtlas.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
 
   // The set of atlas pages that can be written to
   private _activePages: AtlasPage[] = [];
+  private _overflowSizePage: AtlasPage | undefined;
 
   private _tmpCanvas: HTMLCanvasElement;
   // A temporary context that glyphs are drawn to before being transfered to the atlas.
@@ -431,7 +432,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
     // Allow 1 cell width per character, with a minimum of 2 (CJK), plus some padding. This is used
     // to draw the glyph to the canvas as well as to restrict the bounding box search to ensure
     // giant ligatures (eg. =====>) don't impact overall performance.
-    const allowedWidth = Math.min(this._config.deviceCellWidth * Math.max(chars.length, 2) + TMP_CANVAS_GLYPH_PADDING * 2, this._textureSize);
+    const allowedWidth = Math.min(this._config.deviceCellWidth * Math.max(chars.length, 2) + TMP_CANVAS_GLYPH_PADDING * 2, this._config.deviceMaxTextureSize);
     if (this._tmpCanvas.width < allowedWidth) {
       this._tmpCanvas.width = allowedWidth;
     }
@@ -772,6 +773,27 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
         }
       }
 
+      // Create a new page for oversized glyphs as they come up
+      if (rasterizedGlyph.size.x > this._textureSize) {
+        if (!this._overflowSizePage) {
+          this._overflowSizePage = new AtlasPage(this._document, this._config.deviceMaxTextureSize);
+          this.pages.push(this._overflowSizePage);
+
+          // Request the model to be cleared to refresh all texture pages.
+          this._requestClearModel = true;
+          this._onAddTextureAtlasCanvas.fire(this._overflowSizePage.canvas);
+        }
+        activePage = this._overflowSizePage;
+        activeRow = this._overflowSizePage.currentRow;
+        // Move to next row if necessary
+        if (activeRow.x + rasterizedGlyph.size.x >= activePage.canvas.width) {
+          activeRow.x = 0;
+          activeRow.y += activeRow.height;
+          activeRow.height = 0;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
       // Create a new page if too much vertical space would be wasted or there is not enough room
       // left in the page. The previous active row will become fixed in the process as it now has a
       // fixed height
@@ -782,6 +804,7 @@ export class TextureAtlas implements ITextureAtlas {
         if (activePage.currentRow.y + activePage.currentRow.height + rasterizedGlyph.size.y >= activePage.canvas.height) {
           // Find the first page with room to create the new row on
           let candidatePage: AtlasPage | undefined;
+
           for (const p of this._activePages) {
             if (p.currentRow.y + p.currentRow.height + rasterizedGlyph.size.y < p.canvas.height) {
               candidatePage = p;
diff --git a/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts b/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
index 3b3c76596..47681a4c4 100644
--- a/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
+++ b/src/browser/renderer/shared/Types.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { Event } from 'vs/base/common/event';
 export interface ICharAtlasConfig {
   customGlyphs: boolean;
   devicePixelRatio: number;
+  deviceMaxTextureSize: number;
   letterSpacing: number;
   lineHeight: number;
   fontSize: number;
diff --git a/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts b/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
index 88ffd99d5..cd85e0fff 100644
--- a/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
+++ b/src/browser/services/ThemeService.ts
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ export class ThemeService extends Disposable implements IThemeService {
     const colors = this._colors;
     colors.foreground = parseColor(theme.foreground, DEFAULT_FOREGROUND);
     colors.background = parseColor(theme.background, DEFAULT_BACKGROUND);
-    colors.cursor = parseColor(theme.cursor, DEFAULT_CURSOR);
-    colors.cursorAccent = parseColor(theme.cursorAccent, DEFAULT_CURSOR_ACCENT);
+    colors.cursor = color.blend(colors.background, parseColor(theme.cursor, DEFAULT_CURSOR));
+    colors.cursorAccent = color.blend(colors.background, parseColor(theme.cursorAccent, DEFAULT_CURSOR_ACCENT));
     colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent = parseColor(theme.selectionBackground, DEFAULT_SELECTION);
     colors.selectionBackgroundOpaque = color.blend(colors.background, colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent);
     colors.selectionInactiveBackgroundTransparent = parseColor(theme.selectionInactiveBackground, colors.selectionBackgroundTransparent);
diff --git a/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts b/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
index baae735c9..1280417bd 100644
--- a/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
+++ b/src/common/InputHandler.test.ts
@@ -202,38 +202,38 @@ describe('InputHandler', () => {
   describe('setCursorStyle', () => {
     it('should call Terminal.setOption with correct params', () => {
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([0]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, undefined);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, undefined);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([1]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'block');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([2]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'block');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'block');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([3]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'underline');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'underline');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([4]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'underline');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'underline');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([5]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'bar');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], true);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'bar');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, true);
 
       optionsService.options = clone(DEFAULT_OPTIONS);
       inputHandler.setCursorStyle(Params.fromArray([6]));
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorStyle'], 'bar');
-      assert.equal(optionsService.options['cursorBlink'], false);
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle, 'bar');
+      assert.equal(coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink, false);
     });
   });
   describe('setMode', () => {
diff --git a/src/common/InputHandler.ts b/src/common/InputHandler.ts
index b94d78554..8308e6def 100644
--- a/src/common/InputHandler.ts
+++ b/src/common/InputHandler.ts
@@ -2714,7 +2714,7 @@ export class InputHandler extends Disposable implements IInputHandler {
 
   /**
    * CSI Ps SP q  Set cursor style (DECSCUSR, VT520).
-   *   Ps = 0  -> blinking block.
+   *   Ps = 0  -> reset to option.
    *   Ps = 1  -> blinking block (default).
    *   Ps = 2  -> steady block.
    *   Ps = 3  -> blinking underline.
@@ -2724,31 +2724,37 @@ export class InputHandler extends Disposable implements IInputHandler {
    *
    * @vt: #Y CSI DECSCUSR  "Set Cursor Style"  "CSI Ps SP q"   "Set cursor style."
    * Supported cursor styles:
-   *  - empty, 0 or 1: steady block
-   *  - 2: blink block
-   *  - 3: steady underline
-   *  - 4: blink underline
-   *  - 5: steady bar
-   *  - 6: blink bar
+   *  - 0: reset to option
+   *  - empty, 1: blinking block
+   *  - 2: steady block
+   *  - 3: blinking underline
+   *  - 4: steady underline
+   *  - 5: blinking bar
+   *  - 6: steady bar
    */
   public setCursorStyle(params: IParams): boolean {
-    const param = params.params[0] || 1;
-    switch (param) {
-      case 1:
-      case 2:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'block';
-        break;
-      case 3:
-      case 4:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'underline';
-        break;
-      case 5:
-      case 6:
-        this._optionsService.options.cursorStyle = 'bar';
-        break;
+    const param = params.length === 0 ? 1 : params.params[0];
+    if (param === 0) {
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = undefined;
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink = undefined;
+    } else {
+      switch (param) {
+        case 1:
+        case 2:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'block';
+          break;
+        case 3:
+        case 4:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'underline';
+          break;
+        case 5:
+        case 6:
+          this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorStyle = 'bar';
+          break;
+      }
+      const isBlinking = param % 2 === 1;
+      this._coreService.decPrivateModes.cursorBlink = isBlinking;
     }
-    const isBlinking = param % 2 === 1;
-    this._optionsService.options.cursorBlink = isBlinking;
     return true;
   }
 
diff --git a/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts b/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
index 8c9634db6..127e1f24b 100644
--- a/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
+++ b/src/common/TestUtils.test.ts
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ export class MockCoreService implements ICoreService {
     applicationCursorKeys: false,
     applicationKeypad: false,
     bracketedPasteMode: false,
+    cursorBlink: undefined,
+    cursorStyle: undefined,
     origin: false,
     reverseWraparound: false,
     sendFocus: false,
diff --git a/src/common/Types.ts b/src/common/Types.ts
index 289aa1f69..c254d330d 100644
--- a/src/common/Types.ts
+++ b/src/common/Types.ts
@@ -268,6 +268,8 @@ export interface IDecPrivateModes {
   applicationCursorKeys: boolean;
   applicationKeypad: boolean;
   bracketedPasteMode: boolean;
+  cursorBlink: boolean | undefined;
+  cursorStyle: CursorStyle | undefined;
   origin: boolean;
   reverseWraparound: boolean;
   sendFocus: boolean;
diff --git a/src/common/services/CoreService.ts b/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
index 9c41fc1a8..5bee63569 100644
--- a/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/CoreService.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ const DEFAULT_DEC_PRIVATE_MODES: IDecPrivateModes = Object.freeze({
   applicationCursorKeys: false,
   applicationKeypad: false,
   bracketedPasteMode: false,
+  cursorBlink: undefined,
+  cursorStyle: undefined,
   origin: false,
   reverseWraparound: false,
   sendFocus: false,
diff --git a/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts b/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
index 375e442de..7e7695485 100644
--- a/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/InstantiationService.ts
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export class InstantiationService implements IInstantiationService {
     for (const dependency of serviceDependencies) {
       const service = this._services.get(dependency.id);
       if (!service) {
-        throw new Error(`[createInstance] ${ctor.name} depends on UNKNOWN service ${dependency.id}.`);
+        throw new Error(`[createInstance] ${ctor.name} depends on UNKNOWN service ${dependency.id._id}.`);
       }
       serviceArgs.push(service);
     }
diff --git a/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts b/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
index 4b8ca8227..86d9ca716 100644
--- a/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/OptionsService.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_OPTIONS: Readonly<Required<ITerminalOptions>> = {
   documentOverride: null,
   fastScrollModifier: 'alt',
   fastScrollSensitivity: 5,
-  fontFamily: 'courier-new, courier, monospace',
+  fontFamily: 'monospace',
   fontSize: 15,
   fontWeight: 'normal',
   fontWeightBold: 'bold',
diff --git a/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts b/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
index 6510fb8e0..7d887bc61 100644
--- a/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/ServiceRegistry.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export function createDecorator<T>(id: string): IServiceIdentifier<T> {
     storeServiceDependency(decorator, target, index);
   };
 
-  decorator.toString = () => id;
+  decorator._id = id;
 
   serviceRegistry.set(id, decorator);
   return decorator;
diff --git a/src/common/services/Services.ts b/src/common/services/Services.ts
index 0e5c51848..be1dec064 100644
--- a/src/common/services/Services.ts
+++ b/src/common/services/Services.ts
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ export interface ICharsetService {
 export interface IServiceIdentifier<T> {
   (...args: any[]): void;
   type: T;
+  _id: string;
 }
 
 export interface IBrandedService {
diff --git a/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts b/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
index 4a1798ce6..1d37b5c16 100644
--- a/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
+++ b/test/playwright/SharedRendererTests.ts
@@ -1248,6 +1248,24 @@ export function injectSharedRendererTests(ctx: ISharedRendererTestContext): void
       await ctx.value.proxy.scrollLines(-2);
       await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [0, 0, 0, 255]);
     });
+    test('#5241 cursor with alpha should blend color with background color', async () => {
+      const theme: ITheme = {
+        cursor: '#FF000080'
+      };
+      await ctx.value.page.evaluate(`window.term.options.theme = ${JSON.stringify(theme)};`);
+      await ctx.value.proxy.focus();
+      await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [128, 0, 0, 255]);
+    });
+    test('#5241 cursorAccent with alpha should blend color with background color', async () => {
+      const theme: ITheme = {
+        cursorAccent: '#FF000080'
+      };
+      await ctx.value.page.evaluate(`window.term.options.theme = ${JSON.stringify(theme)};`);
+      await ctx.value.proxy.focus();
+      await ctx.value.proxy.write('■');
+      await ctx.value.proxy.write('\x1b[1D');
+      await pollFor(ctx.value.page, () => getCellColor(ctx.value, 1, 1), [128, 0, 0, 255]);
+    });
   });
 }