From 6f39c5226a445a99a6d90f9f29a76feefb1c401f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Nicola Murino Date: Sun, 24 May 2026 16:25:01 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] ssh: limit RSA key size in OpenSSH private key parsing parseOpenSSHPrivateKey builds an rsa.PrivateKey directly from the unmarshalled OpenSSH key blob, bypassing parseRSA and its modulus limit. Validate() and Precompute() then perform several modular exponentiations whose cost grows with the size of the prime factors; in particular Precompute() recomputes the CRT coefficient as q^(p-2) mod p, which is cubic in |p|. A maliciously crafted key with oversized N and P can keep the CPU busy for hours or days during a single load. Mirror the parseRSA validation here: cap the modulus at 8192 bits (the same limit enforced by crypto/tls), reject exponents larger than 24 bits, and reject invalid exponent values (< 3 or even). In addition, bound each prime factor at 4096 bits to prevent the CRT computation from becoming the dominant cost. This issue was found during a security audit by NCC Group Cryptography Services, sponsored by Teleport, and was assessed and is being fixed as a non-security bug. Change-Id: Ia5991f25dd41a22eddd7cf63a8fc5106de9e9663 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/crypto/+/782420 Reviewed-by: Filippo Valsorda Reviewed-by: Junyang Shao Reviewed-by: David Chase LUCI-TryBot-Result: golang-scoped@luci-project-accounts.iam.gserviceaccount.com --- ssh/keys.go | 20 ++++- ssh/keys_test.go | 194 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 213 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/ssh/keys.go b/ssh/keys.go index 3482c4d..78f0963 100644 --- a/ssh/keys.go +++ b/ssh/keys.go @@ -1635,10 +1635,28 @@ func parseOpenSSHPrivateKey(key []byte, decrypt openSSHDecryptFunc) (crypto.Priv return nil, err } + // Mirror the validation done in parseRSA for public keys: cap the + // modulus at the same limit enforced by crypto/tls, reject oversized + // or invalid exponents, and additionally bound the prime factors to + // avoid the expensive CRT coefficient recomputation in pk.Precompute. + if key.N.BitLen() > 8192 { + return nil, errors.New("ssh: rsa modulus too large") + } + if key.P.BitLen() > 4096 || key.Q.BitLen() > 4096 { + return nil, errors.New("ssh: rsa prime too large") + } + if key.E.BitLen() > 24 { + return nil, errors.New("ssh: exponent too large") + } + e := key.E.Int64() + if e < 3 || e&1 == 0 { + return nil, errors.New("ssh: incorrect exponent") + } + pk := &rsa.PrivateKey{ PublicKey: rsa.PublicKey{ N: key.N, - E: int(key.E.Int64()), + E: int(e), }, D: key.D, Primes: []*big.Int{key.P, key.Q}, diff --git a/ssh/keys_test.go b/ssh/keys_test.go index 93a0a13..c973c8c 100644 --- a/ssh/keys_test.go +++ b/ssh/keys_test.go @@ -232,6 +232,200 @@ func TestParseRSAModulusTooLarge(t *testing.T) { } } +func TestParsePrivateKeyRSAModulusTooLarge(t *testing.T) { + rsa16384 := []byte(`-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY----- +b3BlbnNzaC1rZXktdjEAAAAABG5vbmUAAAAEbm9uZQAAAAAAAAABAAAIFwAAAAdzc2gtcn +NhAAAAAwEAAQAACAEAy58lBbrFRB4r18MqVA625r4nzxjTkMlN5LxoG7ARC9L7px5lPs4o 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+TbgT6sO5aTOROU8Y2iEaXXxzmCZYYKJA3Of3VXBXUb4CDx1aBdFm/PpvjI9S5qgEdgVwmK +9nT0Ag3mmnKpefdRirEbQUy9Cb6JaC+UXlQ8s0ToHs8Sm1LxbFtWnemJ0Sgcxjqv6BSDe/ +GO+6bhXXwwNldR7NX8+3HS2cnEjEMjdOZChbwKCF+WCf7v0U6+fu9UvOibFGpDLAbeTKRv +dC1QZqGNvdadx0zB5mzlfZ6K+ANY9DPrKQjn3o2OrRYNDGM80yiIzyYMd4g+cSU81ge+s4 +7UYBXRYVlB+yeFfmnyiVyf4SEaayr7TjUK60B+OwPPqTQAucEtc9TYKmQzVQzxmhTDW6k4 +15DfIZfyMcPmWljoLq8dmLQl2I53jm0SQ4gQx7rYpOoJiVejkT2DCGHu2w47QWBYuEhkdv +rNniy5fZBw+9OBuIujsfEpxMGAQ58PmTH5+1KNqHL40AAAQBAOmmLGLXkJabeN8qcIOaTP +DY+c1++lOuMGpleUMH4fIP5EbLyYOldBFV5klrDKmCM1dc1/jUF/kppgMhOdr8XNhoBZNH +BrzibkbE41BI8XvqWNIT6UMrHxgnEsij/F9rVw75KMJu0oeZgmNaAg+hm8+nOwV7PL7/GG +IrbXPKpoTtKXob3w3ig1+AJBbz+tlyjL2sfjG8M+DUgaa8R4SCOk6msVWhUfGWHLXB/Cgl +xX5wqmSvmq8wxctvdSvJ/xL4tCV4SNvhbj4BKg+Tc9wpRR04r/8DFAb/e+bLao7v1sl0OV +65+qtsmng93d8jp0wSD9ZNHCplqdEixyEMMyrOOCFp3vPYunz3GMosDkciR8ClnxBc6kg4 +bATgWUxV1lC+ycGttdTSRx583djPZ68a3IVIo01fmhIGioiYCpTyFHtlljOapO7Qe7wO7S +THnoT2bZDlSu2GIA9CXl8KHqOLGtF75tEfDW4yEg/LpyoMfNxjJqN0w6zMh6gI5N0F31BR +73BmjjJ1usQT8kJ3Kdaru+U9IxsQTyfk/cu1WiBrrB6FYQ7XMwKvXPyeijI9oHXDP2SZtV +ry7RwvMgEPLh5MjUX3y8nOWuqR0gkPVDtPiTQKogE07TXDyUVsIiNSlVEur5mpFWppC1nm +K1nPCC8Smr6d4pScg3UCLOR3ZJXyPtRSDn/n5q2eN2GymHcpvK6yx0RUVaXmw4iU9vNIOO +4s7fdEcpvDJog5TQHpWp3qP/S3Ug38xP56qN88+j01sa27PuNY7gF5UouewQjfvJ8xtCVF +vcVJ4XgxDAhdrptMX4MJPXpgS536f+8y03ahSJt+qzQacTfyzdJUDQ1jICD9UXrjSRw07F +/I4dvnm4rn9mJNGFUFDcnK4CD7/RwJRlAtJrUG7/eyxXLjrBcbP76CaERitVFgJuMwNSme +2QY2EXyUkQ+nwYJJt3Vjofo9UFWONWikQshnrKwebaCYwpK6U1A16cdPKFc8cUuUvMdEB3 +Vb9Iq2LmxjbCYwGqTpUp2LE1VWIyuZgjI4lOTeegWlQ+7w3zEqxofO9fNy4KgrWUxBEh5V +z22mdB4/3So9Oq/zE1o4cpQwQFooa3OlC+A30JdRJZ9FAJDMQ49IOeki7xEKp5B+5omCcI +MlsmsEwj4/pSCjOBREos86rfNQMJ/N03kFl+dk0iE7NHxLo26nzAsCzV9kEK7R0SxtWZSC +HJbhMNoeNwQJPhEpKO5TKlnFDQ08VlSqIWTKc3yWqCZb68+c5AiMLfEqiI8pix/MKHkSKV +XRfgxwWVuli1UEhTRXm1ZSxVJaJLt0s6ePgEi7a8qRvep8uyh8/QgTUEW71CV9RpvklCm/ +VSdgCrS/bwXo3YsAAAQBAN8ZoTRbrSIOXheb6KeZqNKJiiYjVYPHNoJYoVqtBNj6pPeNm9 +iMeZhFs8TnHCYEcQ31+5LwCShFbKfaO+aBTHB57LpY+H8rG5OTdim+fhqH061pOTzDCZhQ +h7NUwIxK/hM0QBR/69cPOTFKSH0R997MAh/FougAgX5SwIp0rg6wFOG0sXla9oc3qZXuOE +7SGHIPe3ffQk70R8EdVTPuPATNe5a7qLUZEC6qf9nScpIyAEluCZF8VCf93oeqaTF3n/qG +gRnrj8S/zYdgFKONnZZL49NR4M1bQaOw0Ls2fR97rrWnqZFzevgZYSV7tgn+hf3JNo0nWm +LbubR8mLBUjx5u1nq1Od22TwUhS2eXXldPn0TLrofK1l0TzkwSsk4FypxNc/7uZVY0OJN+ +FIQpeK4hVcbX/tIpC1gMXJVqybRRT+x7G2EC5CHLJFV+G0FwKawBqhnLD0wWPWY++fpQ5g +ZEWPu2cVZppC7MDSExum8+xQikprZdkOKBC5UGCqHfVXs60tcEHUB0VWWWVq0+WV8KH2XN +OONfl+dg5NdbgdLunAjD80oKh7rMRnJ686Sr3Jh5HSOnJ0QEZ+8G1Iz0vFWTHwAKtrzSBk +XsnnGbPZiFEybhNfae0VSgBgL6Ch/8yOsby3ZvGS1v1MY7XLM74o0IDHXPBzm4NoukM9dD +ELcLgYdDaX3RSq0U2FmyyU/lIaasOArSwf3bgAIFGQ8ux45LWW/vQ51aRCwiw6gwwCzHj5 +bS4KfUTxX6E+tucHaq1S108E4UtkizFyyhNdeg49P1ljhGt0EfjIoHKJOevtH6sfvjt9U7 +nx6vuAiyGOHb3Od2SzMYXM3evC102F2xGqsZpgAyQ/WVcj6kI4mCd0LoLsSqNUrcNaG93Z +ntt+lm3Wif11EZW37+Xe0TLg/Fi3VUaeju89grBiS4hvRBKz+yjiNwFJ8PvS47T91ORzTD +3SepgdMIi26umLMBqXfTKLnJvKmnYHdNfaaH5rW81EFh3xyPaoaatZ4vwJzj0IIQdeBIke +KiDfEjYAERQfXi/SG8cGONz/VWA97LroWuaNDa6YN1p6PzTUIEDTHdz5a1jnA7zApeHU7Q +EO0zINv0O0TXVDYPWjB6Wysnw7hIFg5HOAUz5DamkEWCifKQ0MH9dgKb9BiFPxwuvWrBIR +hqB5YPvUvyz8aYVm+RdbjMV0jCyUMxNe74/o02TrXbj5u50H2KfqD3qjFxu4BXzsw8sXBM +e0IdOmYjTAYEpHQRqNLhKdIcycTkXZ+K4SZwmK9VLI0ggn6NwSR8H1hZ7+GMnSTLtPm2u2 +OthateBQGfnsGpTLxkpydh4jlYzTCp9bVRK8YXwsocglOcaRQH5ghfmgsAAAALbmljb2xh +QHAxNnM= +-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY----- +`) + _, err := ParseRawPrivateKey(rsa16384) + if err == nil { + t.Fatal("ParseRawPrivateKey accepted a 16384-bit modulus; expected it to be rejected") + } + + expectedError := "rsa modulus too large" + if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), expectedError) { + t.Errorf("unexpected error message: got %q, want substring %q", err.Error(), expectedError) + } +} + func TestParseECPrivateKey(t *testing.T) { key := testPrivateKeys["ecdsa"]