awesome-copilot/skills/phoenix-evals/references/error-analysis.md

Error Analysis

Review traces to discover failure modes before building evaluators.

Process

1. Sample - 100+ traces (errors, negative feedback, random)
2. Open Code - Write free-form notes per trace
3. Axial Code - Group notes into failure categories
4. Quantify - Count failures per category
5. Prioritize - Rank by frequency × severity

Sample Traces

Span-level sampling (Python — DataFrame)

from phoenix.client import Client

# Client() works for local Phoenix (falls back to env vars or localhost:6006)
# For remote/cloud: Client(base_url="https://app.phoenix.arize.com", api_key="...")
client = Client()
spans_df = client.spans.get_spans_dataframe(project_identifier="my-app")

# Build representative sample
sample = pd.concat([
    spans_df[spans_df["status_code"] == "ERROR"].sample(30),
    spans_df[spans_df["feedback"] == "negative"].sample(30),
    spans_df.sample(40),
]).drop_duplicates("span_id").head(100)

Span-level sampling (TypeScript)

import { getSpans } from "@arizeai/phoenix-client/spans";

const { spans: errors } = await getSpans({
  project: { projectName: "my-app" },
  statusCode: "ERROR",
  limit: 30,
});
const { spans: allSpans } = await getSpans({
  project: { projectName: "my-app" },
  limit: 70,
});
const sample = [...errors, ...allSpans.sort(() => Math.random() - 0.5).slice(0, 40)];
const unique = [...new Map(sample.map((s) => [s.context.span_id, s])).values()].slice(0, 100);

Trace-level sampling (Python)

When errors span multiple spans (e.g., agent workflows), sample whole traces:

from datetime import datetime, timedelta

traces = client.traces.get_traces(
    project_identifier="my-app",
    start_time=datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=24),
    include_spans=True,
    sort="latency_ms",
    order="desc",
    limit=100,
)
# Each trace has: trace_id, start_time, end_time, spans

Trace-level sampling (TypeScript)

import { getTraces } from "@arizeai/phoenix-client/traces";

const { traces } = await getTraces({
  project: { projectName: "my-app" },
  startTime: new Date(Date.now() - 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000),
  includeSpans: true,
  limit: 100,
});

Add Notes (Python)

client.spans.add_span_note(
    span_id="abc123",
    note="wrong timezone - said 3pm EST but user is PST"
)

Add Notes (TypeScript)

import { addSpanNote } from "@arizeai/phoenix-client/spans";

await addSpanNote({
  spanNote: {
    spanId: "abc123",
    note: "wrong timezone - said 3pm EST but user is PST"
  }
});

What to Note

Type	Examples
Factual errors	Wrong dates, prices, made-up features
Missing info	Didn't answer question, omitted details
Tone issues	Too casual/formal for context
Tool issues	Wrong tool, wrong parameters
Retrieval	Wrong docs, missing relevant docs

Good Notes

BAD:  "Response is bad"
GOOD: "Response says ships in 2 days but policy is 5-7 days"

Group into Categories

categories = {
    "factual_inaccuracy": ["wrong shipping time", "incorrect price"],
    "hallucination": ["made up a discount", "invented feature"],
    "tone_mismatch": ["informal for enterprise client"],
}
# Priority = Frequency × Severity

Retrieve Existing Annotations

Python

# From a spans DataFrame
annotations_df = client.spans.get_span_annotations_dataframe(
    spans_dataframe=sample,
    project_identifier="my-app",
    include_annotation_names=["quality", "correctness"],
)
# annotations_df has: span_id (index), name, label, score, explanation

# Or from specific span IDs
annotations_df = client.spans.get_span_annotations_dataframe(
    span_ids=["span-id-1", "span-id-2"],
    project_identifier="my-app",
)

TypeScript

import { getSpanAnnotations } from "@arizeai/phoenix-client/spans";

const { annotations } = await getSpanAnnotations({
  project: { projectName: "my-app" },
  spanIds: ["span-id-1", "span-id-2"],
  includeAnnotationNames: ["quality", "correctness"],
});

for (const ann of annotations) {
  console.log(`${ann.span_id}: ${ann.name} = ${ann.result?.label} (${ann.result?.score})`);
}

Saturation

Stop when new traces reveal no new failure modes. Minimum: 100 traces.